cells Flashcards
Organisms can be prokaryotes or eukaryotes, state three facts of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
prokaryotes: -smaller and simpler cells -cells such as bacteria cells are prokaryotic -they are a single-celled organism eukaryotes: -more complex -cells such as animal and plant are eukaryotes -eukaryotes are eukaryotic cells
What does the nucleus of a cell do?
contains genetic material that controls the activities/function of the cell.
what role does the cytoplasm play?
A cytoplasm is a gel like substance where MOST of the chemical reactions occur in a cell.
It contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions.
what is a cell membrane?
A cell membrane holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out of the cell.
What role does the mitochondria play?
The mitochondria is where MOST reactions for AEROBIC respiration take place.Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work.
What happens in ribosomes?
Ribosomes are where proteins are made in the cell.
What three things do plant cells have but animal cells do not?
- cell wall
- permanent vacuole
- chloroplasts
what does a cell wall do?
A cell wall is made of cellulose and it supports the cell and strengthens it.
what does a permanent vacuole do?
A permanent vacuole contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts and they are used to store food or nutrients.
what is a chloroplast and what does it do?
Chloroplast is where photosynthesis occurs, which makes the food for the plant.
They contain a green substance called chlorophyll which provides the pigment of the plant and absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis.
What is cellulose?
A insoluble substance which is found in a cell wall and it is a polysaccharide consisting chains of glucose.
Define polysaccharide.
A carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together.
What is a carbohydrate?
A large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues, e.g. sugars, starch and cellulose.
Define insoluble.
Incapable of dissolving.
Define cell sap.
The solution that fills the vacuoles of the plant cells.
It contains sugar, amino acids, waste substances and mineral salts.
Are bacteria cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic as they are simpler and less complex and single-celled organisms.
What does a bacteria cell include?
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- cell wall
- plasmids
- a singular strand of DNA
What is a plasmid?
One or more small rings of DNA.
What do plants and/or animals cells have that bacteria cells do not?
-nucleus- replaced by a singular strand of DNA.
-chloroplast
mitochondria
