cell diffrentiation and specialization

Question 1

What happens to a cell as it changes?

Answer 1

It develops different subceelular structures and turns into different types of cells.
This allows them to carry out specific functions

Question 2

When does most differenation occur?

Answer 2

As an organism develops.

Question 3

What is the difference between the ability to differntiate in an animal and plant cell?

Answer 3

In most animal cells, the ability to differnatiate is lost at an early stage where lots of plant cells don’t ever lose the ability.

Question 4

What are the cells that differentiate in mature animals used for?

Answer 4

For repairing and replacing cells, such as skin or blood cells.

Question 5

What is an undifferentiated cell called?

Answer 5

Stem cell.

Question 6

What are sperm cells specialized for?

Answer 6

Reproduction.

Question 7

What are nerve cells specialized for?

Answer 7

Rapid signalling.

Question 8

What are muscle cells specialized for?

Answer 8

Contraction.

Question 9

What are root hair cells specialized for?

Answer 9

Absorbing water and minerals.

Question 10

What are phloem and xylem cells specialized for?

Answer 10

Transporting substances.

Question 11

Describe the function of a sperm cell?

Answer 11

It gets the male DNA to the female DNA.

Question 12

What 3 features does a sperm cell have to help it swim?

Answer 12

A long tail and streamlined head.
Lots of mitochondria to generate energy
enzymes to help the sperm digest through the egg cell

Question 13

What provides the energy for the sperm cell?

Answer 13

Mitochondria.

Question 14

The sperm cell carries enzymes in its head,

What does the enzyme help the sperm do?

Answer 14

It helps the sperm cell digest through the egg cell.

Question 15

Describe the function of a nerve cell?

Answer 15

It carries out electrical signals from one part of the body to another.

Question 16

Describe and explain a nerve cells structure?

Answer 16

They are long cells to cover more distance.
They have branched connections at their ends to connect to connect to other nerve cells and form a network throughout the body.

Question 17

Describe the function of a muscle cell.

Answer 17

It contracts quickly.

Question 18

Describe and explain a muscle cells structure.

Answer 18

They are long cells so that they have space to contract.

They contain lots of mitochondria to generate the energy needed for contraction.

Question 19

Where can a root hair cell be found in a plant?

Answer 19

On the surface of plant roots.

Question 20

Describe and explain the structure of a root hair cell.

Answer 20

The root hair cells grow into long hairs that stick out of the soil.
This gives the plant a big surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions from the soil.

Question 21

What do phloem and xylem cells form and what do they do?

Answer 21

Phloem and xylem tubes which transport substance such as food and water around plants.

Question 22

How do phloem and xylem cells form the tubes?

Answer 22

The cells are long and joined end to end.

Question 23

State the differences between phloem and xylem cells.

Answer 23

1.Xylem cells are hollow in the centre and phloem cells have very few subcellular structures so that stuff can flow through them.
2.Xylem transports water and solutes from the roots to the leaves.
Phloem transports food from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

Question 24

Define transpiration.

Answer 24

The process by which water evaporates from the leaves, which results in more water being drawn up from the roos.

Question 25

Where does the heart receive it’s own blood supply from?

Answer 25

The coronary artery