B5 quick revision

Question 1

Define homeostasis.

Answer 1

To maintain a stable internal environment.

Question 2

What are the 3 components of a negative feedback?

Answer 2

Receptor
coordination center
effector.

Question 3

What is negative feedback used for?

Answer 3

It is an automatic control system that keeps your internal environment stable.

Question 4

Define neurones.

Answer 4

A nerve cell, a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses.

Question 5

Define vertebrates.

Answer 5

Animals with backbones.

Question 6

Define sensory neurones.

Answer 6

Neurones that carry electrical impulses from the receptor to the central nervous system.

Question 7

Define motor neurones.

Answer 7

Neurones that carry electrical impulses from the central nervous system to the effectors.

Question 8

Define effectors.

Answer 8

All your muscles and glands which respond to nervous impulses.
It produces a response.

Question 9

Define nervous impulses.

Answer 9

A way that nerve cells communicate to each other.

Question 10

Define receptor.

Answer 10

It detects a stimulus ( change in the environment)- level is too high or low is an example.

Question 11

Define coordination centre.

Answer 11

It receives and processes the information then organizes a response.

Question 12

What do reflexes do?

Answer 12

They help prevent injuries.

Question 13

What do synapses do?

Answer 13

They connect two neurones together.

Question 14

Define reaction time.

Answer 14

How quickly you respond to a stimulus.

Question 15

How long is a reaction time normally?

Answer 15

Often less than a second.

Question 16

Give 3 factors that can affect reaction time.

Answer 16

Age, gender and drugs e.g. caffeine speeds a persons reaction time.

Question 17

Give 3 ways you can measure a reaction time.

Answer 17

Ruler method, computer, and calculating the mean.

Question 18

Other than the nerves, what is another way to send information around the blood?

Answer 18

Hormones.

Question 19

What role do hormones in the endocrine system?

Answer 19

Hormones are chemical messengers sent in the blood.

Question 20

What are particular cells in particular organs called?

Answer 20

Target organs.

Question 21

Name the 6 types of glands and what do they produce?

Answer 21

The pituitary glands/mater gland- produces hormones
Ovaries- in the females only-produces oestrogen
Testes-in the males only-produces testosterone
Thyroid- produces thyroxide
Adrenal gland-produces adrenaline
The pancreas-produces insulin.

Question 22

What are the 3 differences between nerves and hormones?

Answer 22

Nerves are very fast, hormones are slower
Nerves act for a very short time, hormones act for a long time
Nerves act on a very precise area, hormones act in a more general way.

Question 23

What affect do diabetes have on controlling your blood sugar levels?

Answer 23

It limits your ability to control blood sugar levels.

Question 24

What 2 hormones control blood glucose level?

Answer 24

Insulin and glucagon.

Question 25

What can excess glucose be stored as?

Answer 25

Glycogen in the liver and muscles.

Question 26

What is the difference between insulin and glucagon?

Answer 26

Insulin is added when the blood sugar is too high and glucagon is added when the blood sugar is too low.

Question 27

What 2 factors can reduce diabetes?

Answer 27

Limiting the intake of food with carbohydrates e.g. sugar

regular exercise-which helps remove excess glucose from blood.

Question 28

How can you treat people with type 1 diabetes?

Answer 28

By injecting insulin to remove glucose from the blood quickly once the food has been digested.

Question 29

What causes blood 1 diabetes?

Answer 29

Having little or no insulin which means your blood level can rise and kill you.

Question 30

What causes type 2 diabetes?

Answer 30

Being overweight.

Question 31

Define type 2 diabetes.

Answer 31

When a person become resistant to their own insulin- they still produce insulin but their body doesn’t respond properly to the hormone.

Question 32

How many hormones control the menstrual cycle and list them all in order.

Answer 32

4.

1. FSH- Follicile- stimulating hormone
2. Oestregen
3. LH- Luteinising hormone
4. Progesterone.

Question 33

Which 2 hormones are produced in the pituitary glands?

Answer 33

LH and FSH- Luteinising hormone and follicile- stimulating hormone.

Question 34

What are the 4 stages of a menstrual cycle?

Answer 34

1. menstruation starts
2. the uterus lining builds up again.
3. an egg develops and is released
4. the wall is then maintained.