cells

Question 1

plama membrane in humans and plant

Answer 1

made out of lipids and proteins, regulates movement, recepotors to respond to hormones
plants have plasmid at a for substance exchange

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

contols cell
nuclear envelope(double membrane), have pores for substances contains chromosomes and chromatin black dots (package long dna)

Question 3

Mitochondrian

Answer 3

cristae(double membrane), matrix (fluid),site of respiration , energy and makes atp

Question 4

Chloroplast

Answer 4

double membrane
stoma- liquid
grana - stacks of individual thylakoid
photosynthesis happens in the stroma and grana

Question 5

golgi apparatus

Answer 5

fluid membrane, processes and packages proteins and lipids
modifies proteins(etc glycoproteins) makes lysosomes

Question 6

golgi vesicle

Answer 6

transports(from golgi A)

Question 7

Lysosomes

Answer 7

contains digestive enzymes, digest invading or wornout cells

Question 8

ribosomes

Answer 8

protein and rna, protein synthesis

Question 9

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

has ribosomes, process synthesis and transports protein

Question 10

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

no ribosomes, synethsis and process of lipids

Question 11

cell wall

Answer 11

rigid, cellulose-
plasmodata( walls with pores of substace exchange)
fungi-chitin
supports cell

Question 12

permenant vacuole

Answer 12

-cell sap, glucose and amino acids water and salts
tonoplast membrane
keeps cells turgid

Question 13

what do plant cells have that animal cells dont

Answer 13

chloroplast, permanent vacuole, cell wall

Question 14

function and organelles of algae

Answer 14

like plants,however has smaller vacuoles and 1 large chloroplast

Question 15

function and organelles of fungi

Answer 15

cell wall made out of chitin, and no chlorplast as they dont make there own food, only absorb it

Question 16

organelles of bacteria

Answer 16

no membrane organelles, plasmid, small ribosomes, capsule, fagellum, phila, cell membrane and cell wall of murien

Question 17

cytoplasm

Answer 17

no membrane bound organelles

Question 18

plasma membrane

Answer 18

lipids bilayer, regulating subsatcne movement in and out cell

Question 19

cell wall

Answer 19

murien(glycoprotein
support

Question 20

capsule

Answer 20

protect cell from the immune system
prevent cell from dessicating

Question 21

plasmid

Answer 21

loops of dna, antibotice resisance gene

Question 22

dna

Answer 22

single floating loop, no histone proteins( dna wrapped around a protein)

Question 23

flagellum

Answer 23

for movement, some have more some have none

Question 24

viruses

Answer 24

no organelles, unalive, 20-40nm, acelluer, attachment proteins, capsid and dna/rna

Question 25

attachment protiens

Answer 25

attaches viruse onto host cell

Question 26

capsid

Answer 26

protein coat

Question 27

genetic material

Answer 27

dna or rna

Question 28

difference between rna and dna

Question 29

how to viruses duplicate

Answer 29

the invade host cells, reproduce inside using our protiens(ribosomes)
replicate and then burst the cell to release cells xx

Question 30

define magnification and resolution

Answer 30

1) how much time bigger is image to object
2) how well you can distinguish between 2 points ( detail)

Question 31

factors of a light microscope

Answer 31

-poor resolution beacuse of short wavelengths
- lower magnification
-uses light to create image
- can observe living cells
-in colour

Question 32

Electron microscope(TEM and SEM)

Answer 32

• uses electrons to condense
  -higher resolution beacuse of shorter wave lengths
  -higher magnification
  -black and white
  -vacumm(non living so thatelectons arent absorbed by air)

Question 33

TEM

Answer 33

• electrons transmitted(darker in more absorbed areas) thin and stained, 2d

Question 34

SEM

Answer 34

dont have to be thin as elcetions are scattered 3D shape

Question 35

Cell fractionation and ultracentrifugation

Answer 35

-break cell for contents spill out(homogenisation) , filter with a gauze, place supernatant into centrifuge and spin, most dense at low speed forms pellet take out and repeat

Question 36

order of cell denisty

Answer 36

nucleus, mictochondra, lysosmes, ER, ribosomes