Biological molecules 1 Flashcards
define monomer
small units that make polymers
define polymer
made out of monomers
define condensation
chemical reaction joining monomers into polymers, elimination of a water molecule
define hydroylis
breaking bonds(polymers into monomers) using water molecule
Types of monosaccharides and what is is
glucose (alpha and beta), galactose, fructose, a simple sugar
types of monomers
monosaccharides, amino acids and nucleotides
how to make a disaccharide and give examples
condensation of 2 monosaccharides
glucose and glucose is maltose
glucose and galactode is lactose
glucose and fructose is sucrose
draw all 4 monosaccharides
draw all 3 disaccharides
types of reducing sugars
glucose galactose and fructose(monosaccharides) and maltose and lactose
types of non reducing sugars
some disaccharides and all polysaccharides
what 2 polysaccharides are starch made out of?
amylose and amylopectin
what glucose molecules is starch
alpha glucose
why is starch a good storage molecule: amylose
long, unbranched,coiled =making it compacted
why is starch a good storage molecule: amylopectin
long, branched
sidebranches =enzymes break glycocidic bonds= quick release of glucose
why else is starch good? hint water
insoluble, uneffect water potential meaning it doesnt swell up
what organism stores glucose as starch
plants
what is the storgage for animals
glycogen
why is glycogen good for storage?
like amylopectin, has more side branches= quicker release,
very compacted
what are cell walls made of?
cellulose
structure and facts about cellulose
beta glucose joined with glycosidic
hydrogen bondhydrogen bonds verticle/ adjectent(strong)=microfibers
structural support
