Biological molecules 5

Question 1

WHat is ATP

Answer 1

• adenine triphosphate
• storage molecule of energy for biological processes

Question 2

What is the structure of ATP

Answer 2

nitrogenous base( adenine) first, attached to ribose, attached to 3 phosphate groups

Question 3

What does atp hydrolayse do

Answer 3

• enzyme
• creates a hydrolysis reaction breaking ATP into ADP+ pi(inorganic phosphate)
  -when energy is used- converted back into storage molecule

Question 4

What does atp synthesiase do

Answer 4

• enzyme
  -condesation reaction between ADP+ Pi into ATP
  -for energy release

Question 5

Properties of atp

Answer 5

-immediate energy
- small manageble amounts
-wasting less energy
-small and soluble ( good for transportation)
-only one bond is hydrolised(quick)
-Transfers enegery

Question 6

Properties of inorganic ions

Answer 6

• dont contain carbon
• into cytoplasm of cell and bodily fluids of organisms
• specifric roles which determines of the are in high or low concentrations

Question 7

Properties of sodium

Answer 7

• regulating water sbdorption of kideneys
  -osmotic pressure regulation- makes plant cells turgid
  -maintance of ph
  -transmission of nervous impulses
  -active stransport for glucose and aminoacids
  -gets food into cells

Question 8

properties of hydrogen ions

Answer 8

-in photosynhesis and respiration to drive production of atp
-determines ph of bodily fluids( how many hydrogen ions)
- blood ph - function of haemoglobin
-functions of enzymes, determining tertairy structure

Question 9

properties of phosphate

Answer 9

-nulecotides(phosphodiester bonds- sugar phosphte back bond)
-ATP
-plasmamebrane( phosphate group
breakdown of glucose phosphorylation

Question 10

Iron in haemoglobin

Answer 10

• fe2+ binds to oxygen in haemglobin
  -tempomary, become Fe 3+ ion when oxygen is relased

Question 11

Structure of water - charge

Answer 11

-slight negative charge(oxygen)
-slightly positive charge(hydrogen)
-polar molecule
-hydrogen bonds inbetween watermolecules

Question 12

Propetries of water

Answer 12

metabolite- for reactions like photosynthesis, respiration, condenstaion, hydrolysis
Solvent- allows for metablotic reactions( many substances can dissolve in it beacause of its polar charges- ions and other polar substances are hydrophillic and are attracted. Non polar substances - lipids and large polymers, are hydrphobic and dont dissolve
Cohision- inbetween water molecules, supports collums of water and surface tension( beacuse of hydrogenbonds inbetween molecules
Specific heat capacity- buffer for temperature change
specifc latent heat- povides cooling effect

Question 13

What is specific heat capacity and specific latent heat

Answer 13

1) energy required to raise 1kg of material or substance by 1c*
2) amount of energy to change the state of the subatnce without changing the temperature etc water into ice