Cell structure ( Eukaryotic and prokaryotic) + Virus structure Flashcards
Describe the nucleus and the function of it.
It has a nucleolus in the middle ( which assembles ribosomes), a double membrane nuclear envelope, and nuclear pores.
Describe a vesicle, and it function.
Its a fluid filled sac, that transports substances around the cell.
Describe the ribosomes, and its function.
Made up of a molecule called mRNA, combined with proteins. It helps code for proteins.
Function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
Made up of folded membranes, with ribosomes on top of them. It produces proteins, and glycoporteins, and packages them into vesicles.
function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).
Secretes lipids and carbohydrates, that are then packaged int vesicles.
function of golgi apparatus.
Also made of folded membranes. Vesicles from the RER and SER, bind to the golgi apparatus. The golgi modifies the molecules, which ensures they are transported to the correct location of the cell. It then packages them into vesicles, to be transported.
when the golgi apparatus, fills some vesicls with enzymes. It forms lyosomes.
What is a lyosome.
Lyosomes contain digestive enzymes, that help break down the cell walls of the bacteria, that try to invade the cell.
structure and function of mitochondria
It has an outer membrane, an inner membrane that folds, to form the cristae, has a liquid called the matrix. The matrix contains DNA and Ribosomes.
It function is to carry out aerobic respiration, in order to release ATP energy.
What is needed for turgidity in plant cells?
Have a cell wall, that contans cellulose, and a permanent vacuole.
Descrbe the structure and function of the vacuole.
It is permanent, and it stores sugars, and amino acids.
Since it contains these sugars and amino acids, it acts as an energy source.
Helps with turgidity.
Name and describe the function, and structure, of everything inside a chlorplast.
- It has a fluid named** stroma**, which contains circular DNA, starch grains, and ribosomes.
- It contains a grana, which means many Thylakoids stacked up together.
- Thylakoids contain a green pigment, known as chlorophyll. This chorophyll is essential for photosynthesis.
What are eukaryotic cells?
Animal cells, plant cells, and fungal cells.
What are prokaryotes.
Prokaryotes are single celled organisms, that lack membrane-bounds organelles, including the NUCLEUS.
Name all the organelles present in a bacterium cell.
cytoplasm, cell membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes, and a murein cell wall ( It is a glycoprotein).
How do the ribosomes differ in eukaryotes and prkaryotes.
Prokaryotes have SMALLER ribosomes.
