Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is a monomer?
Smaller units from which larger molecules are made.
what are polymers?
Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together.
state 3 examples of monomers.
monosaccharides, amino acids, and nucleotides.
what is a condensation reaction?
A condensation reaction, joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond, and involves the elimination of a water molecule.
What is a hydrolisis reaction?
A reaction that breaks a chemical bond between two molecules, and involves the use of one water molecule.
what is a monosaccharide?
Monomers from which larger carbohydrates can be made
what are the 3 common monosaccharides?
glucose, galactose, and fructose.
what is a glycosidic bond?
A condensation reaction between two monosaccharide, forms a glycosidic bond.
what is a disaccharide?
formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides.
what disaccharide is formed by the condensation of two glucose molecules?
maltose.
what disaccharide is formed by the condensation of one glucose molecule, and one fructose molecule?
sucrose.
what disaccharide is formed by the condensation reaction of a glucose molecule, and a galactose molecule?
Lactose.
what are the two isomers of glucose?
alpha - glucose, and Beta - glucose.
how do beta and apha glucose arranged atoms differ?
In alpha glucose, both OH groups are on the opposite side of oxygen, and in beta glucose, one OH group is on the oxygen side, and one is oppositely to oxygen.
how are galactoses arranged atoms?
both OH groups are on the same side as oxygen.