Cell Structure and Function- Subcellular components Flashcards
What is the function the ribosome?
to carry out protein synthesis from mRNA
What is the structure of the ribosome?
Ribosome has a large subunit above the mRNA and a small subunit below the mRNA. (They are not membrane enclosed). The subunits themselves are made up of mRNA. It is found in the cytoplasm or bound to the rough ER
What are the three types of RNA involved in the structure or function of the ribosome?
mRNA- part being copied
rRNA-forms ribosome
tRNA-carry amino acids
How does the ribosome demonstrate a common ancestry of all known life?
All species use mRNA to build proteins.
What is the structure of the rough ER?
Has ribosomes attached to membrane and surrounds the nucleus.
What is the structure of the smooth ER?
It does not have ribosomes attached. It is right outside of the Rough ER.
What is the function of the smooth ER?
Detoxifies and synthesizes lipids.
What is the relationship between the ribosome and the rough ER?
Ribosomes attach to the membrane of the rough ER.
What are two other names for the Golgi bodies?
Golgi Apparatus/Golgi Complex
What is the structure of the Golgi?
Series of flattened membrane bound sacs found in eukaryotic cells
What is the function of the Golgi?
Folds and modifies newly formed proteins. It also helps to ship proteins to other parts of the cell.
What is the function of the mitochondria? (mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell is not acceptable)
Produces ATP that other cells can use to do work.
What is the structure of the mitochondria?
There is a double membrane. The outer membrane is smooth, while the inner membrane has many folds (cristae) that create SA to produce ATP.
What is the structure of the lysosome?
It has membrane enclosed sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes. It is enclosed in a membrane with attached transport proteins.
What is the function of the lysosome?
It digests damaged cell parts or macromolecules by hydrolytic enzymes.
What is the structure of the vacuole?
Membrane bound sac.
What is the function of the food vacuole?
They are used to store food as energy.
What is the function of the central vacuole?
It contains water in a plant cell, which enlarges if water is added. It also contains K and Cl ions.
What is the function of the contractile vacuole?
It is used to pump excess water out of the cell.
What is the structure of a chloroplast?
Has a double outer membrane. It has granum with thylakoid subunits that exist is the stroma. There are also ribosomes and DNA in the stroma.
What is the function of the chloroplast?
Capture energy from the sun and produce sugar through photosynthesis.
What is the function of the rough ER?
Packages newly synthesized proteins made by ribosomes (attached). These packages are then ready to be exported from the cell.
cis face
side for incoming transport vesicles of the Golgi
trans face
side for secretory or outgoing vesicles on the Golgi
