Cell Structure and Function 2.2 Flashcards
How does the endoplasmic reticulum provide mechanical support?
It is large and provides structure to the cell
How does the endoplasmic reticulum aid in protein synthesis?
The ribosomes attached to it can synthesize proteins.
How does the endoplasmic reticulum aid in intracellular transport?
It ships materials to different parts of the cell
How does the lysosome aid in intracellular digestion?
It can fuse with food vacuoles and the hydrolytic enzymes break down the food particles, which is recycled.
How does the lysosome aid in recycling the cell’s organic materials?
The lysosome can fuse with a vesicle that contains a mitochondria (or other organelle) and peroxisome. The hydrolytic enzyme and peroxisome break down the organelle.
How does the lysosome aid in apoptosis (programmed cell death)?
The lysosome releases the hydrolytic enzymes into the cytosol and breaks down other organelles.
How does the vacuole assist in storage of macromolecules?
It can house any molecules that have been synthesized in the cell.
How does the vacuole provide turgor pressure?
The more turgor pressure caused by higher amounts of water in the vacuole. This allows the plant to maintain its structure and look healthy.
What is the structure of the inner membrane (cristae) of the mitochondria? How does that contribute to the function of the inner membrane (cristae) of the mitochondria?
The cristae are the folds in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. These increase the SA of the mitochondria, allowing more ATP to be synthesized.
How is the chloroplast organized?
There are the thylakoid which are stacked into grana with stroma throughout.
What is embedded in the chloroplast and how does it aid in the function of the chloroplast?
Thylakoids convert light energy to ATP. The stroma then uses inputs from the light reactions to create glucose.
Where do the light-dependent and light-independent reactions take place?
Light dependent occur in the thylakoid. Light independent reactions (carbon fixation in Calvin cycle) take place in the stroma.
How does the thylakoid aid in energy capturing?
It has Chlorophyll pigments contain photosystems and ETC that capture energy and convert it into chemical energy.
How does the thylakoid aid in energy storing?
NADPH that is created in the light reactions is able to store energy in its bonds. The NADPH, ATP, and CO2 is then used in the Calvin Cycle.
Where does the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) in cellular respiration take place?
In the matrix. (the fluid portion of the mitochondria)
