4.6: Cell Cycle Flashcards
What are the three phases of the cell cycle?
Interphase-cell grows and prepares for cell division, Mitosis-division of the nucleus, and cytokinesis.- division of the cytoplasm
What are the phases of interphase, and what occurs in each?
G1- cell grows
S- DNA is copied
G2- cytoplasmic components are doubled to prepare for cell division
What are the phases of mitosis and what occurs in each?
Prophase- nuclear envelope disappears, and DNA coils
Metaphase- CHromosomes aligned across cell
Anaphase- Pull into two chromatids
Telophase- Nuclear envelope reappears and two nuclei.
What are the phases of meiosis and what occurs in each?
Similar, but goes through PMAT twice. the first separate homologous chromosomes and the second separates chromosomes.
What occurs during cytokinesis?
The cell splits into two identical diploid cells.
How is cytokinesis different in plant versus animals?
In animals, there is a cleavage furrow that separates the two cells, while in plants, a cell plate separates the two cells.
What is G0?
Cell cycle no longer occurs (before G1 occurs or if it is not able to occur).
What occurs at the g1 checkpoint?
After the G1 stage, the cell evaluates whether is has grown enough and has enough nutrients in order to proceed into the S phase. If not, it then goes into G0.
What occurs to reenter the cell cycle from G0?
When there are sufficient nutrients in the cell to be able to complete the cell cycle.
How do chromosomes move through the process of mitosis?
The chromosomes are duplicated in the S phase. Then, the chromosomes line up on the center in metaphase. From there, the chromosomes are split into chromatids by the spindles and go to opposite sides of the cell.
Identify the phases of mitosis that ensure equal transfer of chromosomes and genetic information. How does this process ensure equal transfer of organisms?
During metaphase, the chromosomes are lined up in the center. The spindles separate the chromosomes into chromatids, breaking each at the centromere. This ensures that no matter the initial amount of chromosomes in the cell, they are being split equally.
Identify three roles of mitosis.
growth, cell replacement, and asexual reproduction.
