Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Name the components of a eukaryotic cell (20)

A

The plasma membrane, nucleus, nuclear envelope, chromatin, nucleolus, vacuole, ribosomes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough), Golgi, lysosome, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, centrioles, microtubules, cytoplasm, cell wall, chloroplast, plastid

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2
Q

What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

A

Cell wall, chloroplasts, plastids

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3
Q

What do animal cells have that plant cells don’t?

A

Centrioles

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4
Q

Name the components of a prokaryotic cell (8)

A

Cytoplasm, nucleoid, plasmids, ribosomes, cell membrane, cell wall, slime capsule, flagella, pili

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5
Q

State the function of: the plasma membrane

A

A soft phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cell to control what comes in and out of the cell

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6
Q

State the function of: the nucleus

A

Coordinates the cells activites such as growth, intermediary metabolism, protein synthesis and cell division

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7
Q

State the function of: the nuclear envelope

A

The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus that allows substances to enter and exit the nucleus via the nuclear pores

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8
Q

State the function of: chromatin

A

Package DNA to be smaller to fit inside of the cell

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9
Q

State the function of: the nucleolus

A

Uses rRNA and proteins to make (incomplete) ribsomes and puts them through the nuclear pores

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10
Q

State the function of: the vacuole(s)

A

Storage for solutions of water, nutrients and glucose and maintains internal pressure of cell

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11
Q

State the function of: the ribsome

A

Assemble amino acids into polypeptides

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12
Q

State the function of: the mitochondria

A

Apoptosis (programmed cell death), converting energy from AEROBIC respiration into ATP

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13
Q

State the function of: endoplasmic reticulum (rough)

A

Attaches to mRNA in protein synthesis

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14
Q

State the function of: endoplasmic reticulum (smooth)

A

Varies depending on cell type, but usually stores ions and enzymes used to produce lipids and steriod horomones

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15
Q

State the function of: the golgi apparatus

A

Process proteins during protein synthesis so they can be sent outside of the cell

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16
Q

State the function of: lysosome

A

Contains digestive enzymes for cell digestion (turning cell waste into builiding compounds)

17
Q

State the function of: cytoplasm

A

Provide nutrients for the cell and maintains internal structure

18
Q

State the function of: cell wall

A

Maintain structure of the cell so that it is rigid

19
Q

State the function of: cholorplasts

A

Produce energy for the cell via photosynthesis

20
Q

State the function of: plastids

A

Manufacturing and storing glucose

21
Q

State the function of: nucleoid

A

Controlling the activites of the cell (as it contains DNA)

22
Q

State the function of: plasmid

A

Genes that can be shared between other bacteria

23
Q

State the function of: slime capsule

A

Protection against dessication (drying out) and phagocytosis

24
Q

State the function of: flagella

25
State the function of: pili
Stick to surfaces/other bacteria
26
What sizes are prokaryotes?
0-10 micrometers
27
What sizes are eukaryotes?
10-100 micrometers
28
What is the material in bacterial cell walls?
Peptidoglycan
29
What is the purpose of the cytoskeleton?
Shape, organisation, transport, division, movement
30
What are the main components of the cytoskeleton?
Microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments
31
What protein makes up microtubules?
Tubulin
32
What protein makes up microfilaments?
Actin
33
State the function of microfilaments
Contraction in cytokinesis, cell movement
34
State the function of microtubules
Determination of cell shape, act as 'roads' for vesicles and organelles, makes up centrioles
35
State the properties of microtubules
Globular tubulin polymers, hollow, 9+2 configuration
36
State the function of intermediary filaments
Provide strength for the cell, holds organelles in place