Cell Structure Flashcards
Name the components of a eukaryotic cell (20)
The plasma membrane, nucleus, nuclear envelope, chromatin, nucleolus, vacuole, ribosomes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough), Golgi, lysosome, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, centrioles, microtubules, cytoplasm, cell wall, chloroplast, plastid
What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?
Cell wall, chloroplasts, plastids
What do animal cells have that plant cells don’t?
Centrioles
Name the components of a prokaryotic cell (8)
Cytoplasm, nucleoid, plasmids, ribosomes, cell membrane, cell wall, slime capsule, flagella, pili
State the function of: the plasma membrane
A soft phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cell to control what comes in and out of the cell
State the function of: the nucleus
Coordinates the cells activites such as growth, intermediary metabolism, protein synthesis and cell division
State the function of: the nuclear envelope
The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus that allows substances to enter and exit the nucleus via the nuclear pores
State the function of: chromatin
Package DNA to be smaller to fit inside of the cell
State the function of: the nucleolus
Uses rRNA and proteins to make (incomplete) ribsomes and puts them through the nuclear pores
State the function of: the vacuole(s)
Storage for solutions of water, nutrients and glucose and maintains internal pressure of cell
State the function of: the ribsome
Assemble amino acids into polypeptides
State the function of: the mitochondria
Apoptosis (programmed cell death), converting energy from AEROBIC respiration into ATP
State the function of: endoplasmic reticulum (rough)
Attaches to mRNA in protein synthesis
State the function of: endoplasmic reticulum (smooth)
Varies depending on cell type, but usually stores ions and enzymes used to produce lipids and steriod horomones
State the function of: the golgi apparatus
Process proteins during protein synthesis so they can be sent outside of the cell
State the function of: lysosome
Contains digestive enzymes for cell digestion (turning cell waste into builiding compounds)
State the function of: cytoplasm
Provide nutrients for the cell and maintains internal structure
State the function of: cell wall
Maintain structure of the cell so that it is rigid
State the function of: cholorplasts
Produce energy for the cell via photosynthesis
State the function of: plastids
Manufacturing and storing glucose
State the function of: nucleoid
Controlling the activites of the cell (as it contains DNA)
State the function of: plasmid
Genes that can be shared between other bacteria
State the function of: slime capsule
Protection against dessication (drying out) and phagocytosis
State the function of: flagella
Movement
State the function of: pili
Stick to surfaces/other bacteria
What sizes are prokaryotes?
0-10 micrometers
What sizes are eukaryotes?
10-100 micrometers
What is the material in bacterial cell walls?
Peptidoglycan
What is the purpose of the cytoskeleton?
Shape, organisation, transport, division, movement
What are the main components of the cytoskeleton?
Microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments
What protein makes up microtubules?
Tubulin
What protein makes up microfilaments?
Actin
State the function of microfilaments
Contraction in cytokinesis, cell movement
State the function of microtubules
Determination of cell shape, act as ‘roads’ for vesicles and organelles, makes up centrioles
State the properties of microtubules
Globular tubulin polymers, hollow, 9+2 configuration
State the function of intermediary filaments
Provide strength for the cell, holds organelles in place
