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Biology A-Level OCR > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the components of a eukaryotic cell (20)

A

The plasma membrane, nucleus, nuclear envelope, chromatin, nucleolus, vacuole, ribosomes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough), Golgi, lysosome, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, centrioles, microtubules, cytoplasm, cell wall, chloroplast, plastid

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2
Q

What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

A

Cell wall, chloroplasts, plastids

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3
Q

What do animal cells have that plant cells don’t?

A

Centrioles

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4
Q

Name the components of a prokaryotic cell (8)

A

Cytoplasm, nucleoid, plasmids, ribosomes, cell membrane, cell wall, slime capsule, flagella, pili

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5
Q

State the function of: the plasma membrane

A

A soft phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cell to control what comes in and out of the cell

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6
Q

State the function of: the nucleus

A

Coordinates the cells activites such as growth, intermediary metabolism, protein synthesis and cell division

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7
Q

State the function of: the nuclear envelope

A

The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus that allows substances to enter and exit the nucleus via the nuclear pores

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8
Q

State the function of: chromatin

A

Package DNA to be smaller to fit inside of the cell

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9
Q

State the function of: the nucleolus

A

Uses rRNA and proteins to make (incomplete) ribsomes and puts them through the nuclear pores

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10
Q

State the function of: the vacuole(s)

A

Storage for solutions of water, nutrients and glucose and maintains internal pressure of cell

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11
Q

State the function of: the ribsome

A

Assemble amino acids into polypeptides

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12
Q

State the function of: the mitochondria

A

Apoptosis (programmed cell death), converting energy from AEROBIC respiration into ATP

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13
Q

State the function of: endoplasmic reticulum (rough)

A

Attaches to mRNA in protein synthesis

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14
Q

State the function of: endoplasmic reticulum (smooth)

A

Varies depending on cell type, but usually stores ions and enzymes used to produce lipids and steriod horomones

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15
Q

State the function of: the golgi apparatus

A

Process proteins during protein synthesis so they can be sent outside of the cell

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16
Q

State the function of: lysosome

A

Contains digestive enzymes for cell digestion (turning cell waste into builiding compounds)

17
Q

State the function of: cytoplasm

A

Provide nutrients for the cell and maintains internal structure

18
Q

State the function of: cell wall

A

Maintain structure of the cell so that it is rigid

19
Q

State the function of: cholorplasts

A

Produce energy for the cell via photosynthesis

20
Q

State the function of: plastids

A

Manufacturing and storing glucose

21
Q

State the function of: nucleoid

A

Controlling the activites of the cell (as it contains DNA)

22
Q

State the function of: plasmid

A

Genes that can be shared between other bacteria

23
Q

State the function of: slime capsule

A

Protection against dessication (drying out) and phagocytosis

24
Q

State the function of: flagella

A

Movement

25
Q

State the function of: pili

A

Stick to surfaces/other bacteria

26
Q

What sizes are prokaryotes?

A

0-10 micrometers

27
Q

What sizes are eukaryotes?

A

10-100 micrometers

28
Q

What is the material in bacterial cell walls?

A

Peptidoglycan

29
Q

What is the purpose of the cytoskeleton?

A

Shape, organisation, transport, division, movement

30
Q

What are the main components of the cytoskeleton?

A

Microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments

31
Q

What protein makes up microtubules?

A

Tubulin

32
Q

What protein makes up microfilaments?

A

Actin

33
Q

State the function of microfilaments

A

Contraction in cytokinesis, cell movement

34
Q

State the function of microtubules

A

Determination of cell shape, act as ‘roads’ for vesicles and organelles, makes up centrioles

35
Q

State the properties of microtubules

A

Globular tubulin polymers, hollow, 9+2 configuration

36
Q

State the function of intermediary filaments

A

Provide strength for the cell, holds organelles in place

Biology A-Level OCR (26 decks)

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