cell structure

Question 1

2.2 cells are separated from their surrounding environment by

Answer 1

a cell membrane

Question 2

2.2 within the cell membrane is the

Answer 2

cytoplasm

Question 3

2.2 eukaryotic cells have … contained within their cytoplasm

Answer 3

organelles

Question 4

2.2 organelles are

Answer 4

where specific processes take place within the cell

Question 5

2.2 what is in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell

Answer 5

nucleus, mitochondria & ribosomes

Question 6

2.2 plant cells contain the following additional structures

Answer 6

cell wall, chloroplasts & a vacuole

Question 7

2.3 function of the nucleus

Answer 7

contains genetic material in chromosomes
controls cell division

Question 8

2.3 function of the cytoplasm

Answer 8

supports cell structure
site of many chemical reactions
contains water and many solutes
jelly-like substance

Question 9

2.3 function of the cell membrane

Answer 9

holds the cell together
controls substances entering and leaving the cell

Question 10

2.3 function of the cell wall

Answer 10

gives the cell extra support and defines its shape

Question 11

2.3 function of the mitochondria

Answer 11

site of aerobic respiration providing energy for the cell

Question 12

2.3 function of the chloroplasts

Answer 12

site of photosynthesis - provides food for plants
chlorophyll pigment absorbs light energy

Question 13

2.3 function of the ribosomes

Answer 13

the site of protein synthesis

Question 14

2.3 function of the vacuole

Answer 14

contains cell sap
used for storage
helps support the shape of the cell

Question 15

2.4 how many structures does a plant cell have

Answer 15

8

Question 16

2.4 how many structures does an animal cell have

Answer 16

5

Question 17

2.4 in addition to the structures an animal cell has, a plant cell also has

Answer 17

chloroplasts, a (cellulose) cell wall and a vacuole

Question 18

2.4 what does an animal cell have

Answer 18

a nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes and a cytoplasm

Question 19

2.4 what does a plant cell have

Answer 19

a nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, cell wall and a vacuole

Question 20

2.5B what is cell differentiation

Answer 20

the process by which a cell changes to become specialised

Question 21

2.5B what happens when a cell differentiates

Answer 21

the cells develop the structure & characteristics needed to carry out their functions

Question 22

2.5B when does cell differentiation occur

Answer 22

as an organism develops

Question 23

2.5B give examples of cell differentiation to form specialised cells

Answer 23

nerve cells, red blood cells, root hair cells & palisade mesophyll cells

Question 24

2.6B advantages of stem cells in medicine

Answer 24

• can treat a wide variety of diseases
• organs develop from a patient’s own stem cells which reduces risk of organ rejection & wait from a donor
• stem cell technology can repair damaged organs by growing new tissue from stem cells

Question 25

2.6B disadvantages of stem cells in medicine

Answer 25

- stem cells cultured in a lab could be infected with a virus that could transmit to a patient - risk of cultured stem cells accumulating mutations that can lead to cancer developing - a low number of stem cell donors