cell structure Flashcards

2.2 - 2.6B

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1
Q

2.2 cells are separated from their surrounding environment by

A

a cell membrane

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2
Q

2.2 within the cell membrane is the

A

cytoplasm

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3
Q

2.2 eukaryotic cells have … contained within their cytoplasm

A

organelles

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4
Q

2.2 organelles are

A

where specific processes take place within the cell

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5
Q

2.2 what is in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell

A

nucleus, mitochondria & ribosomes

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6
Q

2.2 plant cells contain the following additional structures

A

cell wall, chloroplasts & a vacuole

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7
Q

2.3 function of the nucleus

A

contains genetic material in chromosomes
controls cell division

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8
Q

2.3 function of the cytoplasm

A

supports cell structure
site of many chemical reactions
contains water and many solutes
jelly-like substance

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9
Q

2.3 function of the cell membrane

A

holds the cell together
controls substances entering and leaving the cell

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10
Q

2.3 function of the cell wall

A

gives the cell extra support and defines its shape

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11
Q

2.3 function of the mitochondria

A

site of aerobic respiration providing energy for the cell

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12
Q

2.3 function of the chloroplasts

A

site of photosynthesis - provides food for plants
chlorophyll pigment absorbs light energy

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13
Q

2.3 function of the ribosomes

A

the site of protein synthesis

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14
Q

2.3 function of the vacuole

A

contains cell sap
used for storage
helps support the shape of the cell

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15
Q

2.4 how many structures does a plant cell have

A

8

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16
Q

2.4 how many structures does an animal cell have

A

5

17
Q

2.4 in addition to the structures an animal cell has, a plant cell also has

A

chloroplasts, a (cellulose) cell wall and a vacuole

18
Q

2.4 what does an animal cell have

A

a nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes and a cytoplasm

19
Q

2.4 what does a plant cell have

A

a nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, cell wall and a vacuole

20
Q

2.5B what is cell differentiation

A

the process by which a cell changes to become specialised

21
Q

2.5B what happens when a cell differentiates

A

the cells develop the structure & characteristics needed to carry out their functions

22
Q

2.5B when does cell differentiation occur

A

as an organism develops

23
Q

2.5B give examples of cell differentiation to form specialised cells

A

nerve cells, red blood cells, root hair cells & palisade mesophyll cells

24
Q

2.6B advantages of stem cells in medicine

A
  • can treat a wide variety of diseases
  • organs develop from a patient’s own stem cells which reduces risk of organ rejection & wait from a donor
  • stem cell technology can repair damaged organs by growing new tissue from stem cells
25
Q

2.6B disadvantages of stem cells in medicine

A
  • stem cells cultured in a lab could be infected with a virus that could transmit to a patient
  • risk of cultured stem cells accumulating mutations that can lead to cancer developing
  • a low number of stem cell donors