CELL PATHOLOGY Flashcards
WHAT IS PATHOLOGIC CHANGE
Structural changes in cells
WHAT IS PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC CHANGE
FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN CELLS
WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF DISEASE
A CONDITION IN WHICH SOME FUNCTIONAL, BIOMECHANICAL, OR GENETIC ABNORMALITY OF THE BODY CAUSES A LOSS OF NORMAL HEALTH.
WHAT ARE THE 4 ASPECTS OF DISEASE THAT PATHOLOGY FOCUSSES ON
AETIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
MORPHOLOGY
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
WHAT CAUSES CELL PATHOLOGY
changes in the environment cause cells to become stressed which leads to a loss of homeostasis, causing the need for cells to adapt.
T OR F? CELLULAR RESPONSE CAN OCCUR IN BOTH NORMAL AND ADVERSE CONDITIONS?
TRUE
CELLULAR ADAPTATIONS TO ADVERSE CONDITIONS ARE GENERALLY ONLY SUCCESSFUL FOR A ____ AMOUNT OF TIME
SHORT
WHAT HAPPENS IF CELLULAR STRESS IS TO SEVERE OR LONG TERM?
IT WILL EVENTUALLY OVERWHELM THE ADAPTIVE PROCESSES AND CELLULAR INJURY/ DEATH WILL OCCUR
WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF CELLULAR INJURY
REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE
CELLULAR AGEING CAUSES __________ AND __________ CHANGES THAT MAY LEAD TO CELL DEATH
STRUCTURAL, FUNCTIONAL
A CELLS STRESS RESPONSE DEPENDS ON?
TYPE
INTENSITY
DURATION
HOW CAN THE EFFECT OF CELLULAR STRESS BE MEASURED
BY MEASURING AND OBSERVING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE TISSUE, ORGAN, OR ORGAN SYSTEM
WHAT ARE THE 6 CASUES OF CELLULAR INJURY
HYPOXIA CHEMICAL AGENTS NUTRIITONAL IMBALLANCES PHYSICAL AGENTS INFECTION AGENTS GENETIC CAUSES
WHAT IS HYPOXIA
LACK OF SUFFICIENT OXYEGN INTO THE CELL
WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CELL INJURY
HYPOXIA
WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CELL HYPOXIA
ISCHEMIA - RESTRICTION OF BLOOD FLOW
WHAT IS CHEMICAL CELL INJURY
DIRECT CONTACT OF TOXIC CHEMICALS TO THE CELLULAR MEMBRANE OR ORGANELLES THAT DAMAGE IT
WHAT IS A NUTRITIONAL IMBALANCE
WHEN THERE IS A DEFICIENCY OR OVER SUPPLY OF CERTAIN NUTRIENTS TO THE CELLS
2 EXAMPLES OF CHEMICAL AGENTS THAT CAUSE CELLULAR INJURY
PHARMACEUTICALS
AIR POLLUTANTS/ INSECTICIDES
2 EXAMPLES OF NUTRITIONAL IMBALANCES
PROTEIN DEFICIENCY
HYPERLIPADEMIA
WHAT ARE SOME PHYSICAL AGENTS THAT CAUSE CELL INJURY
HYPOTHERMIC OR HYPERTHERMIC INJURY
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
UV
TRAUMA
2 EXAMPLES OF CELL INJURIES CAUSED BY PHYSICAL AGENTS
SPRAINS AND STRAINS
BURNS
FROSTBITE
WHAT DO INFECTIOUS AGENTS DO TO CELLS
CAN ENTER THE BODY AND CAUSE WIDESPREAD OR LOCAL DAMAGE
OR
MAY ENTER THE CELL AND RELEASE TOXINS THAT ARE HARMFUL TO THE CELL
2 EXAMPLES OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS THAT CAN CAUSE CELLULAR INJURY
HIV
MENINGOCOCCAL
HOW DO GENES CAUSE CELLULAR INJURY
CHANGES IN THE DNA OF A CELL CAN CAUSE CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND METABOLISM.
MAKE THE CELL MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO OTHER INJURIES
1 EXAMPLE OF GENETIC DAMAGE TO CELLS
CF
WHAT ARE THE 5 CATEGORIES OF CELLULAR ADAPTATION
ATROPHY HYPERTROPHY HYPERPLASIA METAPLASIA DYSPLASIA
WHAT IS CELLULAR ATROPHY
SHRINKING OF THE CELL
WHAT IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL CAUSE OF CELLULAR ATROPHY
EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE THYMUS
WHAT IS A PATHOLOGICAL REASON OF CELLULAR ATROPHY
DECREASE IN MUSCLE USE (OR OTHER CELL USE), LESSENED WORKLOAD, OR LACK OF BLOOD SUPPLY
WHAT IS CELLULAR HYPERTROPHY
INCREASE IN CELL SIZE
WHAT IS A PATHOLOGICAL REASON FOR CELLULAR HYPERTROPHY
INCREASE IS CARDIC TISSUES DUE TO A FAULTY VALVE
WHAT IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL REASON FOR CELLULAR HYPERTROPHY
MAMMARY CELLS DURING PREGNANCY AND BREAST FEEDING
WHAT IS CELLULAR HYPERPLASIA
INCREASE IN CELL NUMBERS, RESULTING FROM AN INCREASED RATE OF CELLULAR DIVISION
WHAT IS A PATHOLOGICAL REASON FOR HYPERPLASIA
PROSTATE CELLS THROUGHOUT AGEING
WHAT IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL REASON FOR HYPERPLASIA
COMPENSATORY - KIDNEY CELLS OF ONE KIDNEY AFTER THE REMOVAL OF THE OTHER
HORMONAL - UTERINE CELLS DURING PREGNANCY
WHAT IS CELLULAR METAPLASIA
REPLACEMENT OF ONE CELL TYPE WITH ANOTHER
WHAT IS CELLULAR DYSPLASIA
ABNORMAL CHANGES IN SIZE, SHAPE, AND ORGANISIATION OF MATURE CELLS
DYSPLASIA IS STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH ______ DEVELOPMENT
CANCER
WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY
APOPTOSIS
NECROSIS
WHAT IS APOPTOSIS
AND ACTIVE PROCESS OF PROGRAMMED SELF DESTRUCTION
APOPTOSIS ____ ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATION
ISNT
WHAT IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL REASON FOR APOPTOSIS
BONE GRWOTH FOLLOWING A FRACTURE
WHAT IS A PATHOLOGICAL REASON FOR APOPTOSIS
A RESULT OF INTRACELLULAR EVENTS FOLLOWING A STIMULUS FROM ABNORMAL CELLS SUCH AS HEP C INFECTED LIVER CELLS
WHAT IS NECROSIS
PREMATURE DEATH OF CELLS AND LIVING TISSUES
NECROSIS IS A PROCESS FO SELF DIGESTION CALLED _______
AUTOLYSIS
NECROSIS ___ A RESULT OF INFLAMMATION
IS
WHAT ARE THE FOUR TYPES OF NECROSIS
COAGULATIVE
LIQUEFACTIVE
CASEOUS
FATTY
COAGULATIVE NECROSIS OCCURS IN
TISSUES OTHER THAN THE BRAIN
LIQUFACTIVE NECROSIS OCCURS IN
BRAIN TISSUE
CASEOUS NECROSIS OCCURS IN
LUNG TISSUE
FATTY NECROSIS OCCURS IN
PANCREATIC AND OTEHR ABDOMINAL TISSUES
