Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cell Bio > Cell Membrane - Exam 2 > Flashcards

Cell Membrane - Exam 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

function: separate antiparallel processes such as

A

FA synthesis in cytosol & FA oxidation in mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

function: separate similar reactions for different purposes such as

A

FA oxidation: in mitochondria for energy & in peroxisomes for heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

function: coordinate reactions in same pathway for energy efficiency such as

A

TCA & ETC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

width of membrane

A

5-10nm (thin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

membrane is impermeable to

A

H2O soluble molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

components

A

lipids, proteins, carbs, H2O, divalent cations, cholestrin (eukaryotes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

% protein _____ than % lipid in all cases except……

A

higher; liver cells of mice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

inner mitochondrial membrane % compositions

A

24% lipid, 76% protein, 1-2% carbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

gram positive bacteria % compositions

A

25% lipid, 75% protein, 10% carbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 main lipids

A

phospho, sphingo, cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

phospholipid composition

A

polar hydrophilic head, nonpolar hydrophobic tails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cis-double bond means

A

kink = unsaturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

polar head composition

A

choline, phosphate, glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 types of phosphoglycerides

A

phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, -choline, -serine (neg. charge)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sphingolipid example

A

sphingomyelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

lipid micelle shape

A

cone-shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

lipid bilayer shape

A

cylinder-shaped, energy efficient when curled into ball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

inner monolayer mostly comprised of

A

phosphatidylethanalomine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

outer monolayer mostly comprised of

A

phosphatidylcholine & sphingomyelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

flex movement

A

tails turn back & forth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

transversal diffusion movement

A

inner & outer switch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

lateral diffusion movement

A

2 on same side switch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

phase transition

A

liquid -> gel, short chain/double bond decrease this & temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

fluidity depends on

A

lipid composition, cholesterine content, temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

decrease temperature means _____ movement; increase temperature means _____ movement

A

less; more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what kind of FA has less space between tails

A

saturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what kind of FA has more space between tails

A

unsaturated because of kinks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

cholesterin effect on fluidity

A

inserts in between tails, increases fluidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

fluidity measured by

A

fluorescence microscopy & FRAP (diffusion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

ECM function

A

“extracellular matrix”; direct mechanical stress/tension/compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

glycosaminoglycans found in

A

“bristle brush”, cartilage, hyaluronan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

fibrous proteins found in

A

collagen (skin & bone), type 4, fibrillar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

noncollagen fibrous proteins found in

A

glycoproteins (laminin, nidogen, fibronectin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

collagen characteristics

A

glycosylated, proline, glycerine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

type I collagen

A

bone, skin, tendons, ligaments, cornea, internal organs (majority)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

type II collagen

A

skin, blood vessels, internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

elastin characteristics & function

A

covalent bonds (cross linkage), hydrophobic, not glycosylated, proline, glycerine, elasticity like “rubber band” for extension/contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

elastin found in

A

skin, blood vessels (aorta), lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

fibronectin function & shape

A

organizes ECM, cell attachment; Y shape (connected by disulfide bridge)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

laminin function & shape

A

organizes sheets of basal lamina, polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bonds, asymmetric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

integrins function

A

transmembrane cell adhesion, link cytoskeleton with ECM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

microtubules characteristics

A

“protofilaments”, 24nm, centrosome (MTOC), tubulin, alpha & beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

alpha microtubule subunit characteristics

A

negative end, GTP trapped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

beta microtubule subunit characteristics

A

positive end, GTP (growth), GDP (shrink)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

MAP function

A

microtubule associated proteins, “walk”, move pigment (melanosomes)

46
Q

kinesin moves towards

A

positive end

47
Q

dynein moved toward

A

negative end

48
Q

taxol/paclitaxel

A

drug from Yew tree for chemo because blocks microtubules

49
Q

flagella function

A

move in liquid like sperm

50
Q

cilia function

A

move fluid above a cell like mucous

51
Q

actin characteristics

A

“microfilament”, 7nm, F-actin (filamentous)

52
Q

ATP effect on actin

A

increase affinity for neighboring subunit, stable

53
Q

ADP effect on actin

A

easily dissociate

54
Q

bundle forming crosslinker composed of

A

fascin

55
Q

gel forming crosslinker composed of

A

filamin

56
Q

actin movement (general)

A

polymerize (grow), depolymerize (shrink)

57
Q

actin movement (specific)

A

stress fiber (contractile bundle), cortex (gel-like network), & filopodium (tight parallel bundle)

58
Q

myosin (contraction) not bound without

A

Ca2+

59
Q

intermediary filaments function

A

8-12nm, strengthen cells & epithelia, no movement,

60
Q

type I & II intermediary filament

A

acid & basic keratin, found in epithelial cells

61
Q

type III intermediary filaments

A

vimentin (fibroblasts, endo cells, leukocytes)
desmin (muscle, glial fibrils)
peripherin (nerve cells)

62
Q

type IV intermediary filament

A

neurofilament H, M, L

filensin/phakinin (lens of eyes)

63
Q

type V intermediary filament

A

lamin (nuclear membrane)

64
Q

transport proteins what % of all membrane proteins

A

15-30

65
Q

common extracellular molecules

A

Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-

66
Q

common intracellular molecules

A

K+, H+

67
Q

4 examples of hydrophobic (permeable) molecules

A

O2, CO2, N2, steroid hormones

68
Q

3 examples of small uncharged polar (carrier) molecules

A

H2O, urea, glycerol

69
Q

2 examples of large uncharged polar (carrier) molecules

A

glucose, sucrose

70
Q

7 examples of ions (channels)

A

H, Na, HCO3, K, Ca, Cl, Mg

71
Q

membrane “resting” potential

A

unstimulated, difference in electrical charge, result of active transport & passive diffusion

72
Q

Na K ATPase function

A

pumps Na out, K in
K diffuses out through channels
negative ions stay inside
interior: -70 mV -> -90 mV

73
Q

no membrane potential means

A

only a chemical gradient, not efficient

74
Q

negative membrane potential means

A

efficient = real life

75
Q

positive membrane potential means

A

movement of negative charged ions impaired, not efficient

76
Q

SGLT function & placement in membrane

A

Na/Glucose cotransporter, apical

77
Q

GLUT placement in membrane

A

basolateral

78
Q

NCX function

A

Na/Calcium exchanger, alternative splice sites (isoforms)

79
Q

hydropaty analysis shows

A

more hydrophobic = higher probability of seeing transmembrane protein domain

80
Q

transporter characteristics

A

bind specific substrate, conformational changes

81
Q

channels function

A

pores for specific solutes

82
Q

ion channel characteristics

A

gate -> selectivity filter (dehydrated), Na

vestibule (ions = hydrated)

83
Q

voltage-gated channels examples

A

Na+, CNS (neurons)

84
Q

ligand-gated extracellular channel example

A

nicotinergic receptor acetylcholine (muscle)

85
Q

ligand-gated intracellular channel example

A

Ca2+ (second messenger)

86
Q

mechanically gated channel example

A

“mechanosensitive”, K+ channels, inner ear/hair

87
Q

passive diffusion characteristics

A

net flow is down [gradient], no membrane proteins needed, dissolve in, move through, dissolve out

88
Q

facilitated diffusion characteristics

A

no external energy source, direction determined by [gradient] & electrical potential, don’t dissolve because mediated by proteins, pass polar molecules

89
Q

diffusion & channel mediated transport rates (graph)

A

directly proportional to [solute] (straight line)

90
Q

carrier mediated transport saturable (graph)

A

upward curve, never reaches max

91
Q

active transport uses

A

energy

92
Q

uniport function

A

1 molecule passively transported

93
Q

example of a uniport

A

GLUT

94
Q

symport function

A

2 molecules transported in same direction

95
Q

example of a symport

A

Na+

96
Q

antiporter function

A

transport 2nd molecule in opposite direction

97
Q

example of an antiport

A

Na K ATPase

98
Q

primary active transport driven by

A

ATP

99
Q

primary active transport: P type

A

phosphorylate themselves

100
Q

primary active transport: ABC

A

ATP binding cassette, 2 sites, majority

101
Q

primary active transport: F/V type

A

ATPases & ATP synthases

102
Q

secondary active transport driven by

A

gradient generated in primary active transport

103
Q

secondary active transport: symport

A

SGLT (1 glucose + 2 Na+ in)

104
Q

secondary active transport: antiport

A

NCX & NHE

105
Q

NHE function

A

sodium/proton exchanger

106
Q

tertiary active transport driven by

A

gradient generated by secondary active transport

107
Q

tertiary active transporter example

A

proton/peptide symporter (H+ gradient from secondary active transport)

108
Q

proton/peptide symporter found

A

kidney, SI because efficient

109
Q

aquaporins function & place found

A

specific H2O channels, use ADH; kidney

110
Q

ADH use in urine formation

A

ADH stimulated by osmoreceptors (hypothalamus) when dehydrated, stimulate H2O reaborption

Cell Bio (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions