Adrenal Gland - Exam 3

Question 1

adrenal cortex regions from outermost to innermost

Answer 1

glomerulosa, fasiculata, reticularis

Question 2

glomerulosa

Answer 2

produces mineralocortiocoids (aldosterone- reabsorption of Na, Cl, H2O; Angiotensin II)

Question 3

fasiculata

Answer 3

produces glucocorticoids (cortisol & ACTH)

Question 4

reticularis

Answer 4

produces sex steroids (androgens & ACTH)

Question 5

adrenal medulla

Answer 5

internal, produces catecholamines (epinephrine: fight or flight)

Question 6

adrenal steroids production

Answer 6

adrenal cortex, derived from cholesterol, pregnenolone produced, regulated from ACTH (rate limiting), occurs in the mitochondria; overlap of activity between glucocorticoids & mineralocorticoids

Question 7

hydrophobic steroids bound to

Answer 7

plasma protein carriers, unbound hormones diffuse into cell, binds to DNA, activates/represses gene(s), new mRNA goes back into cytoplasm, translation makes new proteins

Question 8

regulation of cortisol

Answer 8

stress hormone released after environment/internal challenges

Question 9

ACTH produced from adenohypophysis stimulates

Answer 9

cortisol secretion, ACTH= secretion controlled by CRF from hypothalamus, glucocorticoids, stress, diurnal rhythm (negative feedback)

Question 10

cortisol can bind to

Answer 10

nuclear receptors

Question 11

zona reticularis

Answer 11

androgens: male sex hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone & androstenedione, can be converted to testosterone & estrogens, regulated by ACTH