Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OSI (CAMELITA) > Cell Injury and Adaptation > Flashcards

Cell Injury and Adaptation Flashcards

1
Q

Permenant tissue

A

Cardiac muscle

Skeletal muscle

Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pyknosis

A

Nuclear condensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Karyorrhexis

A

Fragmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Karyolysis

A

Dissolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What reaction is catalyzed by superoxide dismutase?

A

2O2- + 2H-> H2O2 +O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What reaction is catalyzed by catalase?

A

2H2O2 -> O2 + 2H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What reaction is catalyzed by glutathione peroxidase?

A

2OH- -> 2H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Metaplasia

A

Replacement of mature cell type by another mature cell type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the characteristics of necrosis?

A
  • Always pathologic
  • External
  • Contents leak out
  • Damage to adjacent tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the characteristics of apoptosis?

A
  • Physiological or pathological
  • Directed cell death
  • Nuclear dissolution, intact membrane
  • No damage to adjacent tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hyperplasia can lead to cancer. What is the exception?

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the causes of metaplasia?

A

Chronic inflammation and irritation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of metaplasia changes cells from columnar to squamous?

A
  • Bronchus of smoker
  • Respiratory epithelium in vitamin A deficiency
  • Uterine cervix inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of metaplasia changes squamous to columnar?

A

Distal esophogus exposed to acid (Barret’s esophagus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the site, morphology, and cause of fat change (steatosis)?

A

Site: Liver (most common), heart, kidney

Morphology: Well defined vacuoles in cytoplasm

Cause: Toxin (alcohol, drugs, CCl4), diabetes, obesity, protein malnutrition, hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

By what mechanisms can alcohol result in fat change?

A

Hepatoxin alters mitochondrial/microsomal function, increased lipid synthesis/ reduce breakdown.

17
Q

By what mechanism can CCl4 and protein malnutrition result in fat change?

A

Damage/ reduce apoprotein synthesis

NOTE: Apolipoproteins are proteins that bind lipids to form lipoproteins. They transport lipids in blood, cerebrospinal fluid and lymph.

18
Q

By what mechanism does hypoxia result in fat change?

A

Inhibits fatty acid oxidation

19
Q

Xanthomas

A
  • Cholesterol in macrophages (acquired and hereditary hyperlipidemias)
  • Yellow nodules, skin tendon
20
Q

Cholesterolosis

A

abnormal deposits of cholesterol esters in macrophages in gall bladder

21
Q

Mallory bodies

A
  • made up of intermediate cytokeratin 8/18 filament proteins
  • Accumulate in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes

NOTE: these bodies are classically seen in people suffering from alcoholic liver disease

22
Q

___________ can accumulate in the brain and cause Alzheimer’s disease.

A

Neurofilaments

23
Q

What is the morphology of hyaline change?

A

Homogenous, pink glassy appereance

24
Q

What is the morphology of glycogen change?

A
  • Vacuoles in cytoplasm-dissolves in fixative
  • Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stain positive
25
Q

What is the morphology of abnormal deposition of calcium in tissue?

A
  • Amorphous
  • Basophilic (blue)
  • Granular
  • Laminated (psammoma bodies)
  • May cause organ dysfunction
26
Q

What is the morphology of dystrophic calcification?

A
  • Localized- necrotic tissue or aged/ damaged tissue
  • Normal calcium metabolism
27
Q

What is the morpholog of metastatic calcification?

A
  • Deposits in normal tissue
  • Hypercalcemia-disturbance in calcium metabolism
28
Q

What are the possible causes of metastatic calcification?

A
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Bone reabsorption
  • Vitamin D disorders
  • Renal failure
29
Q

Characteristics of coagulative necrosis

A
  • Cell outline perserved
  • Eosinophilic cytoplasm
  • NO NUCLEUS
  • Cause: Ischemia

*Doesn’t happen in brain

30
Q

Characteristics of liquefactive necrosis

A
  • Necrotic debris
  • Enzymatic digestion

NOTE: Enzymes from the microglial cells liquify the brain. Enzymes from neutrophils liquefy tissue. Enzymes from pancreas liquefy the pancreas.

31
Q

What is the cause of fat necrosis?

A

Calcium deposition

32
Q

Fibrinoid necrosis

A

Necrosis of blood vessels

33
Q

Symptoms of Coagulative Necrosis

A
  • EKG changes
  • Chest pain
  • Elevated enzymes
34
Q

Where does gangrenous necrosis commonly occur?

A

Intestine, colon, limbs

35
Q

What is the major cause of caseous necrosis?

A

TB infection

NOTE: This is a macrophage-mediated necrosis

36
Q

What are the causes of fat necrosis?

A
  • Acute pancreatitis (pancreas, omentum)
  • Trauma (breast)
37
Q

What is the pathogenesis of fat necrosis?

A
  • Enzymatic fat digestion w/ calcium depostition (saponification)
    • Dystrophic calcification (when calcium deposits on necrotic tissue)

REMEMBER: In dystrophic calcification calcium is normal. in metastic calcification, calcium is not normal (hyperparatyroidism)

38
Q

What is the pathogenesis of fibrinoid necrosis?

A
  • Immune complex deposition vessel wall
  • inflammation, leakage of fibrin

OSI (CAMELITA) (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions