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Biology > Cell divison > Flashcards

Cell divison Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is cell division

A

when parent cell divides from two or more daughter cells

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2
Q

What is a parent cell

A

any cell going to carry out divison

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3
Q

What is a daughter cell

A

What comes our of a parent cell (product )

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4
Q

What are two types of cell division

A

mitosis and meisosis

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5
Q

What is mitosis used for

A

growth repair and to replace dead blood cells

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6
Q

what is meiosis used for

A

to make gametes male sex cell

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7
Q

What is first stage in preparing mitosis

A

Interphase

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8
Q

How does interphase occur

A

The DNA will be replicable , the sub cellular structures will divide and the cell will grow

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9
Q

What is the first stage of mitosis

A

Prophase

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10
Q

How does prophase work

A

Chromosone condesnses and nucleur membrane will brek so the chromosomes are free

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11
Q

What is the second stage of mitosis

A

Metaphase

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12
Q

how does metaphase occur

A

The chromosomes centrally aline

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13
Q

What is the thrid stage of mitosis

A

anaphase

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14
Q

How does telophase occur

A

Chromosomes decondensed and the nuclear membrane reforms to end cell division

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15
Q

What is the final stage of mitosis

A

Cytokinesis

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16
Q

how does cytokinesis occur

A

Cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to from two genetically identical daughter cells

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17
Q

How does anaphase occur

A

Cell fibres will pull the equal numbers chromosomes to each sides

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18
Q

What is mitosis

A

type of cell divison that produces two genetically identical daughter

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19
Q

what are chromosomes

A

long strands of dna

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20
Q

what are subcellular structures?

A

mitochondria and ribosome which are strutures within the cell

21
Q

what is the longest step in cell division?

A

interphase

22
Q

What are stem cells

A

undiffrentiated cells that caan beocme other types of cells

23
Q

What does undifferentiated mean

A

not yet specialised /not yet developed certain cell structures to function

24
Q

what are the two types of stem cells in animals

A

embryonic and adult

25
Q

where are embryonic stem cells found

A

embryos and can develop all types of cells - once the embryonic stem cells have changed

26
Q

where are adult stem cells found

A

found in bone marrow ,small intestine ,brain ,liver and can only develop into a few types

27
Q

what are embryonic cells

A

potient because they can become all cell types

28
Q

What are adult stem cells

A

multi potent which is only some cells

29
Q

adult stems can ONLY come from WHAT

A

red blood cells

30
Q

where are stem cells in plants found

A

within the meresten which is in the tip the root and the shoot

31
Q

Unlike stem cells in animals, plant cells will continue to do

A

differentiate throughout the life of the plant

32
Q

what are red blood cells?

A

transport oxygen around the body

33
Q

what are white blood cells?

A

defend illness can change its shape

34
Q

what are stem cells used for

A
  • when stem cells divide they can make a new specialised cells
35
Q

what is therapeutic cloning?

A

identical stem cell copying

36
Q

How many chromosomes do body cells have

A

46

37
Q

what does the therapeutic cloning technique involve

A

the transfer of the nucleus frokm a celll of a patient to an egg cell whose nucleus have been removed

38
Q

What are the 5 steps in therapeutic cloning

A

For the procedure you need 1 egg cell and one body cell

1.take the body cell first

  1. remove the nucleus from the egg cell

3.put the nucleus from the cell in the bin and you have an empty egg cell

4.remove nucleus from body shell and pit the empty egg cell

  1. give it an electric shock and the cell will divide by mitosis to from an embryo
39
Q

what are the cons of using therputic cloning in embryonic stem cells

A
  1. killing a potiential life becuase embryonic stem cell come from embryos

2.The potiential life didn’t get a say whether it wanted to be killed or not and to kill it of would not be right

3.if your using it to make other cell types it can lead to uncontrolled cell division which can cause a tumour, a cancerous tumour

40
Q

what are the pros of using therapeutic cloning in embryonic stem cells

A
  1. it can be used in medical reseach and can become any cell type, it can allow us to treat many diseases
    2.painless - your not extracting it from a human
41
Q

what are the cons of using therapeutic cloning in adult stem cells?

A

1.there is a risk of infection in the procedure
2. it is painful
3.it can only treat some disease
4. risk of dividing uncontrollably and lead to cancer

42
Q

what are pros of using therapeutic cloning in adult stem cells?

A
  1. no ethical issues
  2. procedure is safe
  3. tried and tested it is reliable
  4. patients recover quickly from the procedure
  5. can treat some diseases
43
Q

what does difference mean

A

the cell has become specialised

44
Q

what does it mean when a cell is specialised

A

the cell has developed certain subcellur structureswhich means it has to carry out its job

45
Q

in animals cells when does growth occur

A

in mitosis followed by diffraction into specialised cells and happens when young at full size further growth is repair and replacement

46
Q

What is the nervous system

A

The nervous system is made up of all the nerves, brain, and spinal cord working together to carry electrical impulses around the body.

47
Q

What are the two types of nervous system called

A

There are two types of the nervous system - the peripheral nervous system and and central nervous system

48
Q

What are the two types of nervous system called

A

There are two types of the nervous system - the peripheral nervous system and and central nervous system

49
Q

what is cns

A

the centeal nervoous sysetem

Biology (15 decks)

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