Cell Differentiation & Specialisation (PPT1) (U1)

Question 1

What is an organism?

Answer 1

A single individual or being that can have many separate parts.

Question 2

What ways can an organism be classified in?

Answer 2

• Type of cells and cell components

- Number of cells

Question 3

State the characteristics of unicellular organisms?

Answer 3

• Single cells
• Prokaryotic or eukaryotic
• Size is very small, limited by SA/V ratio.
• Short lifespan
• One cell completes all functions.
• Asexual reproduction.

Question 4

State the characteristics of multicellular organisms?

Answer 4

• Multiple cells
• Eukaryotic only
• Macroscopic, increasing # of cells increases body size.
• Long lifespan
• Cell specialisation
• Generally sexual using reproductive cells.

Question 5

What are specialised cells?

Answer 5

Cells uniquely structured for a specific function.

Question 6

Specialised cells can vary widely when it comes too…?

What?

Answer 6

• Shape
• Size
• Organelle number
• Organelle type

Question 7

What is the structure and function of a root hair cell?

Answer 7

F- absorb minerals & water from soil.

S- Elongation of the cell to increase SA of membranes exposed to should surface.

Question 8

What is the structure and function of a red blood cells?

Answer 8

F- Transport oxygen around the body.

S- Modified cell loses its nucleus easier in development to enable it to carry more oxygen.

Question 9

What is the structure and function of a sperm cells?

Answer 9

F- Reproduction, carries nuclear material of male parent in sexual reproduction.

S- Flagellum for locomotion, large mitochondria quantity.

Question 10

What is the structure and function of a xylem cells?

Answer 10

F- Transport water & dissolved minerals in plants.

S- Dead narrow lignified cells joined end to end.

Question 11

What are tissues?

Answer 11

Tissues are groups of the same types of cells connected and working together to form a particular function.

Question 12

What are the 4 main types of animal tissues?

Answer 12

1- Epithelial
2- Muscular
3- Nervous
4- Connective

Question 13

What are the 4 main types of plant tissues?

Answer 13

1- Dermal
2- Ground
3- Vascular
4- Meristematic

Question 14

What is an organ?

Answer 14

An organ is a structure that consists of two or more types of tissues that work together to complete the same job.

Question 15

What are the 4 organ types found in plants?

Answer 15

1- Roots
2- Stems
3- Leaves
4- Reproductive organs

Question 16

What are the three layers of embryonic stem cells?

Answer 16

• Ectoderm
• Mesoderm
• Endoderm