Cell Cycle Flashcards
What happens during interphase?
DNA is replicated and error checked
Protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm
Mitochondria grow and divide
Chloroplasts grow and divide (in plants algal cells)
Normal metabolic processes occur.
What are the 3 stages of interphase.
G1
S
G2
What happens in G1 of interphase?
Proteins are produced and organelles are synthesized and replicated. Cell increases size.
What happens in the synthesis phase of interphase.
DNA is replicates in the Nucleus.
What happens in G2 of interphase?
The cells increases in size, energy stores are increased and the duplicated DNA is checked for errors.
What is the stage G0?
The stage where a cell leaves the cell cycle either permanently or temporarily.
Why do cells enter G0?
Cell differentiation prevents cells from dividing, instead fulfilling their specific function.
Damaged DNA will cause the cell the stop replicating to prevent duplication of and spread of damage.
Aging.
What’s the difference between Mitosis and Cytokinesis?
Mitosis is the division of the nucleus
Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm
What are the 3 checkpoints of the cell cycle?
G1 checkpoint
G2 checkpoint
Spindle Assembly checkpoint
Why are there cell cycle checkpoints?
To ensure a cell divides when it’s at the right size, is error free and the chromosomes are in their correct position during mitosis. This ensures the fidelity of cell division and that two identical daughter cells are created from the parent cell.
What are Cell Cycle checkpoints?
Checkpoints are control mechanisms that monitor and verify that each phase has been completed without errors before proceeding.
What happens if a cell doesn’t pass a checkpoint in the cell cycle?
At G1: the cell will enter G0
At G2: Damaged DNA will be repaired to prevent its transmission to daughter cells.
At Metaphase: The cell will delay cytokinesis untill chromosomes are in spindle formation.
What processes occur during interphase?
Protein synthesis, organelle production, the replication of centrioles and cell growth.
Name a process that occurs during in both G1 and G2 of the cell cycle:
Growth of the cell
