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Biology 6th Form OCR A (missing exchange systems) > 2.1.1 Cell Structure > Flashcards

2.1.1 Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Nucleus

A

controls activities of the cell

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2
Q

Mitochondria

A

Carries out aerobic respiration

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3
Q

Attaches to mRNA in protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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4
Q

Golgi Complex

A

Produces secretory vessicles/ processes and packages proteins

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5
Q

Lysosome

A

contains hydrolysing (digestive) enzymes

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6
Q

Prokaryotic cell wall

A

Made of peptidoglycon, protects cell from lysis.

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7
Q

Pili

A

Sensory, adhesive and stick to surfaces

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8
Q

Flagella

A

Moves cell

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9
Q

How do prokaryotes reproduce?

A

Through Binary fission. Plasmid DNA copied, DNA loops attach to membrane,Membrane elongates and pinches off (cytokinesis)

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10
Q

Genophore

A

Where DNA of prokaryotes is stored.

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11
Q

How do eukaryotes reproduce?

A

Mitosis

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12
Q

Eukaryote DNA

A

DNA bound to proteins, is linear, has introns. (Stored as chromosomes)

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13
Q

Prokaryote DNA

A

DNA is naked, is circular, usually has no introns

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14
Q

Membrane-bound organelles found in ______

A

Eukaryotes.

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15
Q

Size of prokaryotes?

A

0.1-10 micrometres.

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16
Q

Size of eukaryotes?

A

10-100 micrometres.

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17
Q

Prokaryotes have Chromosomes. Are they haploid or diploid?

A

Haploid. Single circular chromosome.

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18
Q

Eukaryotes have Chromosomes. Are they haploid or diploid?

A

Diploid. Linear Chromosomal pairs.

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19
Q

Plant cell wall made of ______

A

Cellulose

20
Q

Yeast cell wall made of _____

A

Chitin

21
Q

How do Yeast cells reproduce?

A

Budding

22
Q

Internal membrane of chloroplasts and mitochondria provide a ______

A

large surface area.

23
Q

The membrane around a vacuole is known as a _____

A

tonoplast.

24
Q

What are the 3 types of fibre in the cytoskeleton?

A

Microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments.

25
Q

What is the largest fibre in the cytoskeleton?

A

The microtubule.

26
Q

What type of proteins form microtubules?

A

Alpha and beta tubulin.

27
Q

What sort of shape is a microtubule?

A

A strong hollow tube.

28
Q

What are the roles of microtubules?

A

Transport and to support the shape of the cell. Form cilia and flagella.
Microtubules are arranged in a 9 2 arrangement in centrosomes.

29
Q

How are microtubules used in cell division?

A

They make up centrosomes that pull chromosome pairs apart.

30
Q

What proteins make microfilaments?

A

Actin polymers.

31
Q

What are the roles of microfilaments?

A

Maintain and change cell shape e.g contracting and relaxing muscles
Used in pseudopods
Used for cytoplasmic streaming.

32
Q

What is an example of microfilaments being used to move a cell?

A

Pseudopods.

33
Q

How are microfilaments used in plant cells?

A

Through cytoplasmic streaming they can move chloroplast to the light side of the cell.

34
Q

What is the role of microfilaments in cell division?

A

Form ring and pinch the membrane between the two nuclei to separate cells.

35
Q

What do intermediate filaments do?

A

Provide organelle stability, acting as an anchor.

36
Q

What are intermediate fibres in the nucleus called?

A

Nuclear Lamina.

37
Q

What are pili and flagella made up of?

A

Microtubules

38
Q

What does the glycocalyx (slime capsule) do?

A

Acts as a barrier between prokaryote and surroundings.

39
Q

What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?

A

Transport, synthesis, metabolism of fats, lipids, steroids and carbohydrates.

40
Q

What stain do you use to identify nuclei?

A

Methylene Blue, Acetic orcein, toluidine blue (Nile Blue)

41
Q

What is the name of the process where a secretory vesicle fuses with a membrane and releases a protein.

A

Exocytosis

42
Q

Magnification and resolution of Light Microscope

A

X 1500 and 200nm

43
Q

Magnification and resolution of transmission electron microscope

A

X 500,000 and 0.2 nm

44
Q

Magnification and resolution scanning electron microscope

A

X 100,000 and 0.2nm

45
Q

What are the roles of the cytoskeleton?

A

Cell structure, Cell organisation and mechanical support for cell functions e.g movements

46
Q

S.E.R function

A

Thesmooth endoplasmic reticulum functionsin many metabolic processes. It synthesizes lipids, phospholipids as in plasma membranes, and steroids.

Biology 6th Form OCR A (missing exchange systems) (27 decks)

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