Cell Bio I

Question 1

3 Cellular Constituents

Answer 1

Organelles, Inclusions, Cytoplasmic Matrix

Question 2

Inclusion

Answer 2

Non-living entities found in cytoplasm and nuclous

Question 3

Glycogen

Answer 3

Polymer of glucose, occurs in clusters of discreet particles. Are found a lot in liver and striated muscle cells. Can be demonstrated in PAS reaction

Question 4

McArdle Disease

Answer 4

Caused by a defect in muscle phosphoylase. Results in accumulation of glycogen under sarcolemma. Symptoms: cramping w/ strenous exercise, exercise intolerance, increased myglobin, increased creatine kinase, venous lactate stays the same during exercise

Question 5

Fat Droplets

Answer 5

found in adipocytes, hepatocytes, mucle and steriod-secreting cells.

Question 6

Fatty liver

Answer 6

Excess of lipids in the liver. Hepatocytes have a signet ring apparnce as fat displaces the nucleus to the outside of the cell. Increases the mass of the liver

Question 7

Carotene

Answer 7

Fat soluble orange colored pigments. Found in orange veggies. Responsible for yellow-orange color of white fat

Question 8

Cartoenemia

Answer 8

excess of carotene in body, causes orange skin

Question 9

Anthracosis

Answer 9

accumulation of carbon particles in lungs and regional lymph nodes. Not harmful. You can see carbon-laden macrophages

Question 10

Tattoos

Answer 10

macrophages of dermis store the pigment

Question 11

Myoglobinuria

Answer 11

Necrosis of striated muscle fibers and myoglobin causes urine to appear dark - looks like a dark beer

Question 12

Hemosiderin

Answer 12

iron storage protein

Question 13

Hemosiderosis

Answer 13

Increased amount of hemosiderin in tissues and organs. Seen in increased absorption of iron, impaired use of iron by body, hemolytic anemia, transfusion

Question 14

Hemochromatosis

Answer 14

More severe accumulation of iron due to genetic defect that results in too much iron absorption or transfusion

Question 15

Heart failure cells

Answer 15

Macrophages that look copper.

Question 16

Jaundice

Answer 16

elevated bilirubin

Question 17

Eumelanin

Answer 17

black-brown pigment. Protective against UV light.

Question 18

Neuromelanin

Answer 18

Found in substana negra. Lack of it is found in parkinson disease.

Question 19

Phaeomelanin

Answer 19

Responsible for gingers. Not protective against UV radiation, so increased risk of skin cancer is present.

Question 20

Lipofuscin

Answer 20

Cardiac muscle cell. Yellow-brown, insoluble. Accumulation is a measure of oxidative stress. Also known as an aging pigment because it acculumlates over time in cells that are long-lived.

Question 21

CMV inclusion body

Answer 21

Hepatocyte with large intranuclear inclusion body (dark blue). Surrounded by a clear halo. Dark punctiform inclusions are seen also in cytoplasm. Can be seen with an H&E stain

Question 22

Plasmalemma is made of

Answer 22

Phospholipids, Glycolipids, Cholesterol

Question 23

What is the apparence of the plasmalemma

Answer 23

trilaminar appearance

Question 24

What are located in lipid rafts

Answer 24

Spingolipids and cholesterol. This causes specific signaling membrane proteins to aggregate

Question 25

Akt

Answer 25

survival signal. Proportional to the number of lipid rafts

Question 26

Simbastatin

Answer 26

drug that reduces lipid rafts, decreases Akt survival signaling by decreasing the number of Akt receptors.