Cell Bio I Flashcards
3 Cellular Constituents
Organelles, Inclusions, Cytoplasmic Matrix
Inclusion
Non-living entities found in cytoplasm and nuclous
Glycogen
Polymer of glucose, occurs in clusters of discreet particles. Are found a lot in liver and striated muscle cells. Can be demonstrated in PAS reaction
McArdle Disease
Caused by a defect in muscle phosphoylase. Results in accumulation of glycogen under sarcolemma. Symptoms: cramping w/ strenous exercise, exercise intolerance, increased myglobin, increased creatine kinase, venous lactate stays the same during exercise
Fat Droplets
found in adipocytes, hepatocytes, mucle and steriod-secreting cells.
Fatty liver
Excess of lipids in the liver. Hepatocytes have a signet ring apparnce as fat displaces the nucleus to the outside of the cell. Increases the mass of the liver
Carotene
Fat soluble orange colored pigments. Found in orange veggies. Responsible for yellow-orange color of white fat
Cartoenemia
excess of carotene in body, causes orange skin
Anthracosis
accumulation of carbon particles in lungs and regional lymph nodes. Not harmful. You can see carbon-laden macrophages
Tattoos
macrophages of dermis store the pigment
Myoglobinuria
Necrosis of striated muscle fibers and myoglobin causes urine to appear dark - looks like a dark beer
Hemosiderin
iron storage protein
Hemosiderosis
Increased amount of hemosiderin in tissues and organs. Seen in increased absorption of iron, impaired use of iron by body, hemolytic anemia, transfusion
Hemochromatosis
More severe accumulation of iron due to genetic defect that results in too much iron absorption or transfusion
Heart failure cells
Macrophages that look copper.
Jaundice
elevated bilirubin
Eumelanin
black-brown pigment. Protective against UV light.
Neuromelanin
Found in substana negra. Lack of it is found in parkinson disease.
Phaeomelanin
Responsible for gingers. Not protective against UV radiation, so increased risk of skin cancer is present.
Lipofuscin
Cardiac muscle cell. Yellow-brown, insoluble. Accumulation is a measure of oxidative stress. Also known as an aging pigment because it acculumlates over time in cells that are long-lived.
CMV inclusion body
Hepatocyte with large intranuclear inclusion body (dark blue). Surrounded by a clear halo. Dark punctiform inclusions are seen also in cytoplasm. Can be seen with an H&E stain
Plasmalemma is made of
Phospholipids, Glycolipids, Cholesterol
What is the apparence of the plasmalemma
trilaminar appearance
What are located in lipid rafts
Spingolipids and cholesterol. This causes specific signaling membrane proteins to aggregate
Akt
survival signal. Proportional to the number of lipid rafts
Simbastatin
drug that reduces lipid rafts, decreases Akt survival signaling by decreasing the number of Akt receptors.
