Cell and Neurophysiology Flashcards
what is the smallest unit of life?
cell
what is the fluid that is found within cells?
intracellular fluid (ICF)
what is the fluid found between cells?
extracellular fluid (ECF)
what is the fluid found portion of blood?
plasma
the ECF is considered the body’s ___ _____
internal environment
the fluid of the ____, ___, and ___ ____ Are part of the external environment
lungs, gut, urinary system
nutrients and waste move between the external environment by crossing a ___ ____
cell layer
CO2 is a byproduct of what?
metabolism
____ is the maintence of the internal environment
homeostasis
in feedback loops, the ___ ____ is what we want to regulate
controlled variable
the ____ ____ is the optimal range of variables for the level that is to be controlled
set point
the _____ detects changes in the controlled variable
sensor/receptor
the ___ ____ is generated by the receptor
input signal
the ____ decides what active needs to be taken based on the stimulus
control (integrating center)
what is the most common control/integrating center?
brain (others are spinal cord, some cells)
neuron and hormone are examples of what in the feedback loop?
output signals
targets/effectors include what?
specific tissues
the ___ occurs when the signal reaches the target
response
in a negative feedback loop, the action ____ the stimulus
opposes
what is the most common physiological type of feedback loop?
negative
in positive feedback loops, an __ ____ is needed to shut off the cycle
outside factor
when you are fasting and your liver releases stored glucose, this is what type of feedback?
negative
when you have low oxygen from hiking in altitudes and your respirations increase, this is what type of feedback?
negative
when cool temps outside induce shivering of skeletal muscles to generate heat in the body, this is what type of feedback?
negative