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ACTS (Reinforcement) > CC > Flashcards

CC Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the Westgard Rule is a Mandatory Rule?

a. 13s
b. 22s
c. 12s
d. 41s

A

a

Three are warning rules:
- 12s
- 22s
- 41s

3 Mandatory rules:
- 13s
- R4s
- 10x

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2
Q

Preferred Specimen for Blood Glucose?

a. Whole Blood
b. EDTA
c. Serum
d. Plasma

A

d

Though serum is the most common sample used for glucose analysis, plasama (Fluoride tube) is the preferred specimen because of its antiglycolytic property

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3
Q

Which is not a measure of central tendency

a. Mean
b. Median
c. Mode
d. Coefficient of Variation

A

d

Measure of Central tendency include Mean, median and mode

Measure of Variation include range, standard deviation, variance and coefficient of variation

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4
Q

QC tools which seeks to eliminate non valuable steps in the laboratory testing?

a. Six Sigma
b. Lean
c. Lean Six Sigma
d. Scrum

A

b

Lean = QC system for reducing “non-valued activities” with the purpose reducing costs and improveing productivity

Six Sigma = QC system for improving process by eliminating variation or errors

Lean Six Sigma = Combination of lean and Six sigma tools

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5
Q

A test was conducted on a sample for 5 times and it shows that the values are same. Therefor the test is said to be?

a. Accurate
b. Precise
c. Reliable
d Practical

A

b

Precision (reproducibility): Capacity of an assay to give repeated results on the same sample that agree with one another.

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6
Q

Color of tube used in enzyme

a. Red
b. Green
c. Purple
d. Yellow

A

a

Yellow used for Blood culture

For enzyme measurement, Serum is the preferred specimen

NOTE: Heparinized plasma can be use in enzyme assay however, enzymes (AST and CK) are inhibited

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7
Q

All are true about autoclave Except:

a. Uses wet
b. Uses pressure of approximately 15 psi
c. Usually is done at a temperture of 121 C for approximateley 15-30 mins
d. Dry heat

A

d

Autoclave employs the principle of moist heat (Steam under pressure)

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8
Q

4dl to L

a. 4.0
b. 40.0
c. 0.4
d. 0.04

A

c

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9
Q

It is a method of quantifying chromogens produces in the chemical reaction between the reagents and sample

a, Chromogen
b, Spectroscopy
c, Spectrophotometry
d, Immunochemistry

A

c

Among the choices, lteer C is the only one who measurs the amount the concentration of an analyte
- Techniques ending in metry: quantitative
- Techniques ending in graphy: Qualitative

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10
Q

Type 3c Diabetes, Except:

a. Pancreatits
b. Pancreatic cancer
c. Autoimmune disease
d. Cystic fibrosis

A

c

Type 3 c Diabetes ( Aka pancreatogenic DM)
- Develops as an outcome of a pancreatic disease

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11
Q

Select the proper order of lipoprotein in increaseing electrophoretic mobility:

a. CM - VLDL - LDL - HDL
b. HFL - LDL - VLDL - CM
c. HDL - VLDL - LDL - CM
d. CM - LDL = VLDL - HDL

A

d

HDL - Alpha
VLDL - Pre-B
LDL - B
CM

Ultracentrifugation: CM - VLDL - LDL - HDL

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12
Q

Largest contributor of dioxane in the environment

a. Smoking
b. Drinking contaminated water
c. Industrial incineration
d. Food Ingestion

A

c

LARGEST

Dioxane is primary disposed by incineration

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13
Q

Glycogenolysis occurs in the following organs

a. Kidney
b. Liver
c. Muscle
d. Stomach

A

d

  • Breakdown of glycogen
  • Mostly liver, muscle and to a lesser extent the kidneys
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14
Q

All of the hormmone diurnal variation, except:

a. PRL
b. TSH
c. LH
d. ACTH

A

c

Incl: AM - ACTH, cortisol, Iron, Aldosterone

Inc: PM - ACP, GH, PTH, TSH

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15
Q

Most common abused substance

a. Cocaine
b. Marijuana
c. Alcohol
d. Ecstasy

A

d

Ethanol most common

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16
Q

Catalyzes the conversion of starch to glucose

a. Amylase
b. Lipase
c. ALT
d. GGT

A

a

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17
Q

Creatine is synthesized from the following amino acids, except:

a. Arginine
b. Glycine
c. Cysteine
d. Methionine

A

c

Creatine is synthesized primarly in the liver from arginie glycine and methionine

18
Q

Markedly elevated levels of creatine kinase is seen in?

a. Myocardial infarction
b. Muscular dystrophy
c. Liver disease
d. Pernicious anemia

A

b

Greatest seen

19
Q

The accelerator ised in Jendrassik Grof:

a. 50- Ethanol
b. 50 methonol
c. Caffeine
d. Alkaline picrate

A

c

50% methanol
- Evelyn Malloy

Alkaline Picrate
- Jaffe

Purpose of accelerator is to convert B1 to B2 (Increase reaction)

20
Q

LDH isoenzyme found predominantly in the liver:

a. LDH 1
b. LDH 2
c. LDH 3
d. LDH 5

A

d

Pernicious anemia has the highest elevation

21
Q

Which of the following is a functioning plasma enzyme?

a. CK
b. LDH
c. ACP
d. Clotting Factors

A

.d

  • Functional plasma Enzymes are those who are present in greater concentrations in plasma than in tissues

More ex: Liporpotein lipase, psedocholinesterase

22
Q

Sex Hormones are derived from what?

a. Steroids
b. Peptides
c. Proteins
d. Amines

A

a

Estrogen, Progesterone and Testosterone are all derived from steroids (Cholesterol)

23
Q

What is the MOST sensitive test in an hyperfunctioning thyroid

a. T3
b. T4
c. TSH
d. TRH

A

c

Most important thyroid function test

Best to detect clinically significant thyroid dysfunction

Most clinically sensitive assay

24
Q

All of the following are renal test except:

a. eGFR
b. BUA
c. BUN
d. Creatinine

A

b

Least likely used analyte in assessing renal function

25
Q

Gastric enzyme which is involved in proteolysis

a. Pepsin
b. Gastrin
c. Amylase
d. Lipase

A

a

Group of weak proteolytic enzyme, catalyze all native Protein except mucus

pH : 1.6 - 3.6

26
Q

How do you report enzyme in SI unit?

a. IU/L
b. g/dL
c. mol/s
d. nmol/L

A

c

Enzyme concentration is usually expressed in unit mol/s (katal unit)

Conventional is “A”

27
Q

Most common acid base balance disorder seen in CKD

a. Metabolic acidosis
b. Metabolic alkalosis
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Respiratory alkalosis

A

a

common complication of advanced CKD and is associated with increased bone demineralization, muscle catabolism, CKD progression, and mortality

28
Q

Increased Urobilinogen, Normal

a. Cholelithiasis
b. Biliary Obstruction
c. Cirrhosis
d. Hemolytic anemias

A

d

29
Q

Markedly elevated levels of CRP is seen in all of the conditions, Except:

a. Acute bacterial infection
b. Cigarette smoking
c. Viral Infection
d. Major trauma

A

b

Including trauma, All Inflammation

30
Q

What substances is essential for thyroid hormone physiology

a. TSH
b. TRH
c. Thyroglobulin
d. Iodine

A

d

TH is made primarily of the trace element iodine, making iodine metabolism a key determinant in Thyroid function

31
Q

Carbon monoxide is reported in what units

a. ng/dL
b. ppb
c. ppm
d. mg/dL

A

c

May be percent if ever there is no percentage

32
Q

Indirect method of Urea

a. Berthelot
b. Jaffe
c. Jendrassifk-Grof
d. Fehling

A

a

can be use in Ammonia

Jaffe = Creatinine
Jendrassik-Grod = Bili
Fehling = Reducing sugars

33
Q

The formula (Na) - (HCO3+ Cl) is used to measur:

a. Anion Gap
b. Cation Gap
c. Osmolality
d. Osmolal Gap

A

a

34
Q

Serum analysis of drug usually detects:

a. Protein bound only
b. Protein bound and free drug
c. Free drug only
d. Volume distribution

A

b

MOST TDM assay quantify total drug concentration rather than the free drug

35
Q

A sample from a 2 year old man:

Serum BUN: 80 mg/dL
Serum Crea: 4 mg/dL

a. Chronic Liver Disease
b. Chronic Kidney Disease
c. Obstruction
d. Dehydration

A

b

Serum BUN Ref = 6 - 24
Serum Crea = 4 mg/dL

Elevation of both serum BUN and Creatinie is most indicative of renal impairment such as in chronic kidney disease

36
Q

Interpret the result

pH = 7.50
pCO2 = 50
HCO3 = 35

a. Respiratory acidosis
b. respiratory alkalosis
c. Metabolic acidosis
d. Metaboli alkalosis
.

A

d

pH Ref: 7.35 - 7.45
pCO2 Ref: 35 - 45
HCO3 Ref: 21 - 28

ROME

RO = Opposite
ME = Elevated / Equal all

37
Q

Chylomicron is produced in the intestine and is secreted in _____ via thoracic duct and transported to the bloodstream

a. Peritoneal
b. Lymph
c. Blood
d. CSF

A

b

38
Q

What will you use to neutralize an alkaline spill

a. Methanol
b. Bleach
c. KOH
d. NaOH

A

A

Neutralizing should be acid plus base however methanol would be the most probable answer since it can act as either an acid or a base

39
Q

What is the most crucial factor that must be taken in consideration in the timing of dosage of therapeutic drigs

a. Timing phlebotomy
b. Drug half life
c. Peak sample
d. Trough sample

A

a

The timing of blood collection is the single most crucial factor in TDM

Drug half life is not constant especially the dosage intake by the patient

40
Q

True about Base Excess except:

a. pH and pCO2 is used in assessing
b. It is a derived value
c. It is increased in metabolic alkalosis
d. pH and pO2 is used in assessing

A

d

HCO3 (Conjugate base) also known as pCO2

ACTS (Reinforcement) (13 decks)

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