CC 104 Basic First Aid Flashcards
State the sequence to examine an injured person.
During the primary survey, you should be concerned with what are referred to as the ABCs of emergency care: airway, breathing, and circulation
State the reason for not moving an injured person unless absolutely necessary.
Careless or rough handling not only increases the seriousness of his injury but may also cause his death. Unless there is a good reason for transporting a casualty, do not attempt this until some means of medical evacuation is provided.
Describe the signs and symptoms of shock.
The pulse is weak and rapid.
Breathing is likely to be shallow, rapid, and irregular
The face, arms, and legs feel cold to the touch.
Sweating is likely to be very noticeable.
Very pale; but in some cases, there may be a bluish or reddish color to the skin
The pupils of the eyes are usually dilated (enlarged).
Complain of thirst
Feeling of weakness
Faintness or dizziness
Nauseous
Very restless and feel frightened and anxious.
Describe the treatment for shock.
Keep patient calm
Moisten lips or give small amounts of warm water with 1 teaspoon of salt
Keep patient warm
Place the injured person on his back on a bed, cot, or stretcher you should raise the lower end of the support about 12 inches so his feet are higher than his head
Explain why you should not give an unconscious person anything by mouth.
The victim may vomit and get some of the material into his lungs when he breathes, causing choking. Death could result.
Describe the three types of bleeding.
Capillary - blood is usually brick red in color. When capillaries are cut, the blood oozes out slowly.
Veinous – Blood from the veins is dark red. When a vein is cut, the blood escapes in a steady flow.
Arterial - When an artery near the surface is cut, the blood gushes out in spurts that are synchronized with heart beats; but if the cut artery is deeply buried, the bleeding appears in a steady stream. Arterial blood is usually bright red in color.
What are the four methods for controlling bleeding?
Direct pressure
Elevation
Indirect pressure
Tourniquet
How many pressure points are on the human body?
22 (11 per side)
What are the symptoms of a sucking chest wound?
Victims with open chest wounds gasp for breath, have difficulty breathing out, and may have a bluish skin color to their face. Frothy-looking blood may bubble from the wound during breathing.
Describe the first aid treatment for a sucking chest wound
Immediately seal the wound with a hand or any airtight material available
Firmly tape the material in place with strips of adhesive tape and secure it with a pressure dressing.
NOTE: If the victim’s condition suddenly deteriorates when you apply the seal, remove it immediately.
Give the victim oxygen if it is available and you know how to use it
Lay the victim on a stretcher on the affected side.
Watch the victim closely for signs of shock, and treat accordingly.
Do not give victims with chest injuries anything to drink.
Transport the victim to a medical treatment facility immediately.
Describe the first aid treatment for a person with a suspected spinal injury.
Do not move the victim unless it is absolutely essential
The victim must be transported lying flat on his back with his face up. Place pillows or sandbags beside his head so it cannot be turned to either side.
Do not put pillows or padding under his neck or head.
Use a firm support in transporting the victim.
Hold the injured person by his clothing; then slide or pull the victim onto the support.
Do not attempt to lift the victim unless you have adequate assistance. (Minimum 4 personnel, 6 personnel preferred.)
Describe the three degrees of burns.
FIRST-DEGREE burns are the mildest. These produce redness, increased warmth, tenderness, and mild pain.
SECOND-DEGREE burns redden and blister the skin. They are characterized by severe pain.
THIRD-DEGREE burns destroy the skin. They can destroy muscle tissue and bone in severe cases
Describe the first aid treatment of white phosphorous burns.
Superficial burns caused by simple skin contact or burning clothes can be flushed with water and treated like thermal burns.
Partially embedded white phosphorous particles must be continuously flushed with water while the first-aider removes them with whatever tools are available, such as tweezers and needle-nose pliers. Do this quickly but gently.
Firmly or deeply embedded particles that cannot be removed by the first-aider must be covered with a saline-soaked dressing, which must be kept wet until the victim reaches medical personnel.
When rescuing victims from a closed space where white phosphorous is burning, protect your lungs with a wet cloth over your nose and mouth.
Describe the first aid treatment of a chemical burn on the arm.
Begin flushing the area immediately with large amounts of water using a shower or hose when available. Do not apply water too forcefully. Continue to flood the area while his clothing, including shoes and socks, is being removed, as well as afterwards.
Dry lime should be brushed from the skin and clothing, unless large amounts of water are available for rapid and complete flushing.
Acid burns caused by phenol (carbolic acid), wash the affected area with alcohol because phenol is not water soluble. Then wash with water.
Describe the first aid treatment of a chemical burn to the eyes
Flush the eye immediately with large amounts of fresh, clean water.
Acid burns should be flushed at least 5 minutes, and alkali burns flushed for as long as 20 minutes.
Because of the intense pain the victim maybe unable to open his eyes. When this occurs, hold the eyelids apart so water can flow across the eyes.
Describe the symptoms of heat cramps.
Excessive sweating may result in painful heat cramps in the muscles of the abdomen, legs, and arms. Heat cramps may also result from drinking ice water or other cold drinks either too quickly or in too large a quantity after exercise.
