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Biology > CB6 - Plant Structures and Their Functions > Flashcards

CB6 - Plant Structures and Their Functions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water –> oxygen + glucose

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2
Q

What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis

A

CO2 + H2O –> O2 + C6-H12-O6

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3
Q

What is biomass?

A

Materials of an organism without water

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4
Q

What are producers?

A

Organisms that produce their own food

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5
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

A series of chemical reactions catalysed by enzymes

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6
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

A reaction that releases energy

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7
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

A reaction that releases energy

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8
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

A reaction that absorbs energy

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9
Q

Is photosynthesis endo or exothermic?

A

Endothermic

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10
Q

Why is photosynthesis endothermic?

A

The products have more energy than the reactants

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11
Q

What is found in a plant cell? (8)

A

nucleus
vacuole
cell wall
cell membrane
chloroplast
cytoplasm
mitochondria
ribosome

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12
Q

What is found in a plant cell?

A

nucleus
vacuole
cell wall
cell membrane
chloroplast
cytoplasm
mitochondria
ribosome

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13
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Controls the cell

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14
Q

What is the function of the vacuole?

A

Stores sap

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15
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Structure and support

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16
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Lets things in and out of the cell

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17
Q

What is the function of the ribosomes?

A

Makes proteins

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18
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

Photosynthesis

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19
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

Where chemical reactions take place

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20
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Aerobic respiration

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21
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place in the cell?

A

Chloroplasts

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22
Q

What is the function of chlorophyll?

A

Trap the energy transferred by light.

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23
Q

What is the polymer of glucose called?

A

Starch

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24
Q

What is the starch used for?

A

Some broken down into sucrose
Glucose for respiration

25
Q

What are the factors that affect photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide concentration
Temperature
Light intensity

26
Q

What is a limiting factor?

A

A factor that prevents a rate increasing

27
Q

Why is temperature a limiting factor?

A

Enzymes are more active at higher temperatures

28
Q

What is the formula for inverse square law?

A

light = O-intensity x O-distance^2
intensity —————————————–
N-distance^2

29
Q

What parts make up a leaf? (7)

A

waxy cuticle
upper epidermis
palisade mesophyll
spongy mesophyll
vascular bundle
lower epidermis
waxy cuticle

30
Q

Why are leaves broad and flat?

A

Larger surface area

31
Q

What do palisade cells contain?

A

Chloroplast

32
Q

Why are the palisade cells at the top of the leaf?

A

Maximise photosynthesis

33
Q

What is the function of the waxy cuticle?

A

A waterproof layer that prevents water loss out the leaf

34
Q

What is the upper epidermis?

A

Layers of cells with no nucleus that allows light to pass through

35
Q

Why are there air spaces in the leaf?

A

For diffusion of gases

36
Q

What is contained in the vascular bundle?

A

Xylem
Phloem

37
Q

What are stomata?

A

Microscopic pores at the bottom of the leaf

38
Q

What are guard cells?

A

Specialised cells that open and close the stomata

39
Q

What happens to stomata during the day?

A

Water flows into the guard cells which become rigid and open
Carbon dioxide diffuses in the cell
Oxygen diffuses out of the cell

40
Q

What happens to stomata during the night?

A

Water flows out the guard cells which become flaccid and closed
No gases can diffuse
Water cannot leave

41
Q

Why are the stomata at the bottom of the leaf?

A

Water leaves through the stomata via evaporation
If the stomata were at the top of the leaf the water would evaporated to quickly so the plant wouldn’t get water

42
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane down a concentration gradient.

43
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Movement from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (down a concentration gradient)

44
Q

What is active transport?

A

The moment of particles up a concentration gradient using energy.

45
Q

What is the water absorbed by plant roots used for?

A

Carrying dissolve mineral ions
Keeping cells ridgid
Cooling the leaves
Photosynthesis

46
Q

How is a root hair cell adapted to its function?

A

Large surface area
Thin cell walls

47
Q

How do these adaptions help? (Root hair cells)

A

LSA - water and mineral ions can be quickly absorbed
Thin - easy for water and minerals to pass through

48
Q

What is transpiration?

A

Flow of water and dissolved minerals from roots and out of the leaves

49
Q

What is translocation?

A

The active transport of sucrose and amino acids from leaves up and down the stem.

50
Q

How does the sieve tube help phloem move dissolved sugar?

A

It transports the sugar up and down the plant (continuous tube)

51
Q

How do the sieve plates help phloem move dissolved sugar?

A

Allows sugar to move up and down the plant

52
Q

How do the companion cells help phloem move dissolved sugar?

A

They contain lots of mitochondria for energy for the active transport of pumping sugar up and down the stem.

53
Q

How are the cytoplasm’s of phloem adapted to maximise the flow of sugar?

A

They are narrow

54
Q

What are phloem made up of?

A

Living cells

55
Q

What are xylem made up of?

A

Dead cells

56
Q

How do the no end walls help xylem move water?

A

Forms a continuous hollow tube.

57
Q

How do the lignin spirals help xylem move water?

A

The strengthen and support the plant

58
Q

How do the pits help xylem move water?

A

They let water out through osmosis

Biology (8 decks)

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