CB2 Cells And Control Flashcards
What is mitosis?
A type of cell division that creates two identical daughter cells.
What are the six stages of mitosis?
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
How many chromosomes do body cells contain?
46
How many chromosomes does a diploid cell have?
46
How many chromosomes does a haploid cell have?
23
What happens during the interphase phase?
The chromosomes duplicate.
What happens during the prophase phase?
The nucleus breaks down
Spindle fibre appears
What happens during the metaphase phase?
The chromosomes are lined up on the spindle fibres.
What happens during the anaphase phase?
The chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell on the spindle fibres.
What happens during the telophase phase?
A membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to form nuclei.
What happens during the cytokinesis phase?
A cell surface membrane forms, separating the two cells.
Creating two identical daughter diploid cells.
What is asexual reproduction?
When organisms use mitosis to produce offspring with identical genetics.
What are cancer cells?
Cells that undergo uncontrollable cell division.
What do cancer cells cause?
Tumours.
What is growth?
An increase in size as a result of an increase in number or size of cells.
What is differentiation?
The process that changes less specialised cells into specialised ones.
How are red blood cells adapted to their function?
Biconcave - increase surface area
No nucleus - more space for haemoglobin
Contains haemoglobin - binds to oxygen
How are muscle cells adapted to their function?
They contain contractile proteins that shorten the cell.
What are meristems?
A group of unspecialised cells at the end of the roots of plants that are capable of cell division.
How are meristems adapted to their function?
The divide rapidly by mitosis, which increase length and differentiate into specialised cells.
How do you measure the growth in plants (formula)?
New - Old
—————x 100
Old
What are stem cells?
Cells that divide repeatedly over a long period of time to produce cells that differentiate.
Where are stem cells found?
Meristems
Bone marrow
Embryos
How do you use stem cells to treat disease?
The stem cells are stimulated to make them produce the specialised cells that are needed and injecting them into the places that are needed.