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CB2 Flashcards

1
Q

haematoxylin is an acid or base

A

base

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2
Q

eosin is an acid or base

A

acid

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3
Q

hematoxylin stains (acidic/basic) tissue components

A

acidic

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4
Q

eosin stains (acidic/basic) tissue components

A

basic

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5
Q

structures stained by hematoxylin are (basophilic/eosinophilic)

A

basophilic

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6
Q

structures stained by hematoxylin are (basophilic/eosinophilic)

A

eosinophilic/acidophilic

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7
Q

the haematopoetic system is all the organs and tissues involved in the prod. of ______

A

cellular blood components

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8
Q

parts of circ. sys

A

heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels

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9
Q

2 overall components of blood?

A

fluid and shaped elements

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10
Q

2 main components of fluid in blood?

A

plasma and serum

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11
Q

what is serum in fluid part of blood

A

the fluid left AFTER CLOTTING

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12
Q

is there fibrinogen in the serum part of blood and why

A

no because fibrinogen helps with blood clotting and serum is the fluid that is left after blood clotting

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13
Q

what 3 things make up the shaped elements of blood

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes

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14
Q

plasma takes up __% of total blood, the buffy coat takes up __% of total blood, and erythrocytes takes up __% of total blood

A

55, <1, 45

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15
Q

2 components of buffy coat

A

leukocytes and platelets

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16
Q

albumin retains water through _____

A

osmosis

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17
Q

3 components of plasma and their percentages

A

water (92), proteins (7), other solutes (1)

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18
Q

4 types of proteins in plasma and their percentages

A

albumins(58), globulins(37), fibrinogen(4), regulatory proteins(1)

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19
Q

ex. other solutes in blood plasma

A

electrolytes, nutrients, respiratory gases, waste products

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20
Q

how many erythrocytes are there per cubic mm in blood

A

4.2-6.2 million

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21
Q

how many platelets are there per cubic mm in blood

A

12-300 thousand

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22
Q

how many leukocytes are there per cubic mm in blood

A

5-10 thousand

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23
Q

5 types of leukocytes and their percentage of all leukocytes

A

neurophils (60-70), lymphocytes(20-25), monocytes(3-8), eosinophils(2-4), basophils(.5-1)

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24
Q

Intravenous albumin is used as a plasma volume expander in people with abnormally _____ blood pressure

A

low

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25
Q

shape of erythrocytes

A

biconcave disk

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26
Q

do erythrocytes have nucleus

A

no

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27
Q

lifespan of erythrocytes

A

120 days

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28
Q

thrombocytes are cell fragments derived from _______

A

megakaryocytes

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29
Q

another name for clotting

A

thrombosis

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30
Q

what is increased due to the fact that erythrocytes are in the shape of a biconcave disc

A

surface area —> gas diffusion

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31
Q

can erythrocytes replicate, propel themselves, or manufacture substances?

A

no

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32
Q

what is too many erythrocytes called?

A

erythrocytosis

33
Q

what happens to blood in erythrocytosis

A

thickens

34
Q

what organ enlarges when erythrocytosis occurs

A

the spleen

35
Q

what is too few erythrocytes called

A

anaemia

36
Q

what happens to someone’s o2 level in their tissues who has anaemia

A

their tissues dont get enough oxygen to their tissues

37
Q

2 types of leukocytes

A

granulocytes and agranulocytes

38
Q

3 types of granulocytes

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils (NEB)

39
Q

2 types of agranulocytes

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

40
Q

path from stem cell to erythrocyte

A

stem cell, erythroid, normoblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte

41
Q

path from stem cell to NEB

A

stem cell, myeloid, myloblast, NEB myelocyte, NEB

42
Q

path from stem cell to B/T Lymphocytes

A

stem cell, lymphoid, lymphoblast, B/T Lymphocyte

43
Q

path from stem cell to monocyte

A

stem cell, monoblast, monocyte

44
Q

path from stem cell to thrombocyte

A

stem cell, megakaryoblast, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte

45
Q

how many erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets do we make per day

A

2.5bill, 2bill, 2.5bill

46
Q

primary lymphoid tissues are located in _____ and ____

A

bone marrow, thymus

47
Q

secondary lymphoid tissue is located in _____, ____, _____

A

lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

48
Q

most lymphocytes are found in _____ lymphoid tissue

A

secondary

49
Q

B cells mature in the _____

A

Bone marrow

50
Q

the humoral immune response is when an antigen presenting cell produces _____ in response to antigens

A

antibodies

51
Q

where do T cells mature?

A

Thymus

52
Q

t cells helps with _____ immune response which identifies and destroys infected cells

A

cellular

53
Q

pathogens living within a cell cannot be detected by _____ but can be detected by ____ cells

A

B, T

54
Q

can humoral immune response detect a pathogen living within a cell

A

no

55
Q

in the thymus, the cortex is the _____ tissue and the medulla is the _____ tissue

A

outer, inner

56
Q

the cortex stains _____, and the medulla stains _____

A

blue, paler blue

57
Q

the excess fluid forced out of blood is collected by _______ at ______

A

lymphatic vessels, capillary beds

58
Q

excess fluid is called

A

interstitial/extracellular fluid

59
Q

lymph flows and is filtered through _____. it is emptied into the ______ via lymphatic _____

A

lymph nodes, bloodstream, ducts

60
Q

roughly ___% of blood vol. becomes lymph

A

10

61
Q

chyle is rich in ____

A

fats

62
Q

the avg adult makes 3-4 _____ of lymphatic fluid daiily

A

liters

63
Q

ex. of large lymphatic collected are ____ and _____

A

the thoracic duct and subclavian veins

64
Q

lymph nodes carry tissue fluid back to the _____ system

A

venous

65
Q

in conditions like cancer or infection, lymph nodes ____

A

enlarge

66
Q

lymph enters via ______ and exits via ______

A

afferent ducts, efferent ducts

67
Q

superficial lymphatics run with ________ and deep lymphatics run with ________

A

veins, arteries

68
Q

inguinal lymph nodes (secondary) are located near the ____

A

groin

69
Q

the spleen (secondary) filters what components of blood out?

A

foreign antigens, old erythrocytes

70
Q

the spleen is extremely ______, so if there is trauma there is a lot of bleeding

A

vascular

71
Q

3 parts of the spleen

A

capsule, red pulp (RBC), white pulp (WBC)

72
Q

splenic white pulp is ______ tissue

A

lymphoid

73
Q

what is the function of lymphoid tissue?

A

to survey the blood for antigens

74
Q

branches of the arteries which pass through the spleen are surrounded by _____________ which contain T-cells.

A

periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths

75
Q

what does MALT stand for?

A

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

76
Q

components of malt

A

b cells and t cells

77
Q

the amt of MALT is ______ during childhood and ______ with age

A

maximal, decreases

78
Q

peyer’s patches are _____ tissue that line the inside of your small intestine. they mostly consist of (B/T) cells.

A

lymphoid, T

CB (10 decks)

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