CB2 Flashcards
haematoxylin is an acid or base
base
eosin is an acid or base
acid
hematoxylin stains (acidic/basic) tissue components
acidic
eosin stains (acidic/basic) tissue components
basic
structures stained by hematoxylin are (basophilic/eosinophilic)
basophilic
structures stained by hematoxylin are (basophilic/eosinophilic)
eosinophilic/acidophilic
the haematopoetic system is all the organs and tissues involved in the prod. of ______
cellular blood components
parts of circ. sys
heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels
2 overall components of blood?
fluid and shaped elements
2 main components of fluid in blood?
plasma and serum
what is serum in fluid part of blood
the fluid left AFTER CLOTTING
is there fibrinogen in the serum part of blood and why
no because fibrinogen helps with blood clotting and serum is the fluid that is left after blood clotting
what 3 things make up the shaped elements of blood
erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes
plasma takes up __% of total blood, the buffy coat takes up __% of total blood, and erythrocytes takes up __% of total blood
55, <1, 45
2 components of buffy coat
leukocytes and platelets
albumin retains water through _____
osmosis
3 components of plasma and their percentages
water (92), proteins (7), other solutes (1)
4 types of proteins in plasma and their percentages
albumins(58), globulins(37), fibrinogen(4), regulatory proteins(1)
ex. other solutes in blood plasma
electrolytes, nutrients, respiratory gases, waste products
how many erythrocytes are there per cubic mm in blood
4.2-6.2 million
how many platelets are there per cubic mm in blood
12-300 thousand
how many leukocytes are there per cubic mm in blood
5-10 thousand
5 types of leukocytes and their percentage of all leukocytes
neurophils (60-70), lymphocytes(20-25), monocytes(3-8), eosinophils(2-4), basophils(.5-1)
Intravenous albumin is used as a plasma volume expander in people with abnormally _____ blood pressure
low
shape of erythrocytes
biconcave disk
do erythrocytes have nucleus
no
lifespan of erythrocytes
120 days
thrombocytes are cell fragments derived from _______
megakaryocytes
another name for clotting
thrombosis
what is increased due to the fact that erythrocytes are in the shape of a biconcave disc
surface area —> gas diffusion
can erythrocytes replicate, propel themselves, or manufacture substances?
no
what is too many erythrocytes called?
erythrocytosis
what happens to blood in erythrocytosis
thickens
what organ enlarges when erythrocytosis occurs
the spleen
what is too few erythrocytes called
anaemia
what happens to someone’s o2 level in their tissues who has anaemia
their tissues dont get enough oxygen to their tissues
2 types of leukocytes
granulocytes and agranulocytes
3 types of granulocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils (NEB)
2 types of agranulocytes
lymphocytes and monocytes
path from stem cell to erythrocyte
stem cell, erythroid, normoblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte
path from stem cell to NEB
stem cell, myeloid, myloblast, NEB myelocyte, NEB
path from stem cell to B/T Lymphocytes
stem cell, lymphoid, lymphoblast, B/T Lymphocyte
path from stem cell to monocyte
stem cell, monoblast, monocyte
path from stem cell to thrombocyte
stem cell, megakaryoblast, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte
how many erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets do we make per day
2.5bill, 2bill, 2.5bill
primary lymphoid tissues are located in _____ and ____
bone marrow, thymus
secondary lymphoid tissue is located in _____, ____, _____
lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
most lymphocytes are found in _____ lymphoid tissue
secondary
B cells mature in the _____
Bone marrow
the humoral immune response is when an antigen presenting cell produces _____ in response to antigens
antibodies
where do T cells mature?
Thymus
t cells helps with _____ immune response which identifies and destroys infected cells
cellular
pathogens living within a cell cannot be detected by _____ but can be detected by ____ cells
B, T
can humoral immune response detect a pathogen living within a cell
no
in the thymus, the cortex is the _____ tissue and the medulla is the _____ tissue
outer, inner
the cortex stains _____, and the medulla stains _____
blue, paler blue
the excess fluid forced out of blood is collected by _______ at ______
lymphatic vessels, capillary beds
excess fluid is called
interstitial/extracellular fluid
lymph flows and is filtered through _____. it is emptied into the ______ via lymphatic _____
lymph nodes, bloodstream, ducts
roughly ___% of blood vol. becomes lymph
10
chyle is rich in ____
fats
the avg adult makes 3-4 _____ of lymphatic fluid daiily
liters
ex. of large lymphatic collected are ____ and _____
the thoracic duct and subclavian veins
lymph nodes carry tissue fluid back to the _____ system
venous
in conditions like cancer or infection, lymph nodes ____
enlarge
lymph enters via ______ and exits via ______
afferent ducts, efferent ducts
superficial lymphatics run with ________ and deep lymphatics run with ________
veins, arteries
inguinal lymph nodes (secondary) are located near the ____
groin
the spleen (secondary) filters what components of blood out?
foreign antigens, old erythrocytes
the spleen is extremely ______, so if there is trauma there is a lot of bleeding
vascular
3 parts of the spleen
capsule, red pulp (RBC), white pulp (WBC)
splenic white pulp is ______ tissue
lymphoid
what is the function of lymphoid tissue?
to survey the blood for antigens
branches of the arteries which pass through the spleen are surrounded by _____________ which contain T-cells.
periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths
what does MALT stand for?
mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
components of malt
b cells and t cells
the amt of MALT is ______ during childhood and ______ with age
maximal, decreases
peyer’s patches are _____ tissue that line the inside of your small intestine. they mostly consist of (B/T) cells.
lymphoid, T
