Causes Of Stress

Question 1

What was the aim for Johansson?

Answer 1

To see if work stressors such as responsibility increase stress related psychological arousal and stress related illness.

Question 2

What was the method in Johansson?

Answer 2

24 Swedish saw mill workers, high risk= 14 on peace pace

Control group of 10 cleaners and maintenance.

Question 3

What was the procedure of Johansson?

Answer 3

They last stage, their pace determined wage of the whole factory, highly skilled but repetitive (high-risk)

Compared too cleaners, work varied, self-paced, allowed more socialising with others.

Question 4

What was the data collected In Johansson?

Answer 4

Levels of stress hormone in urine, measured on work and rest days.
Records kept of stress related illness.
Self-report of mood, alertness, caffeine and nicotine consumption.

Question 5

What were the results in Johansson?

Answer 5

Finishers had twice as much stress hormones on work compared to rest days, higher than control,

Significantly higher stress related illness such as headaches+ absenteeism than cleaners.

Question 6

What was the conclusion from Johansson?

Answer 6

Combination of work stressors (repetitiveness+ machine pacing+ high responsibility) leads too long term physiological arousal.
Leads to illness and absenteeism

Question 7

What was the aim in Kanner?

Answer 7

Compare hassles and uplifts scale, berkman life events scale as predictors of physiological symptoms of stress.

Question 8

What was the method used in Kanner?

Answer 8

Repeated measures, completed hassles rating scale+ life events scale.
Assessed physiological symptoms of stress using Hopkins symptom checklist (HSCL) and Bradburn moral scale.

Question 9

What was the sample in Kanner?

Answer 9

100 ppl who completed health survey (1965)
California, mostly white, normal to +above income, at least 9th grade.
216 contacted, 109 replied, 9 dropped out.

Question 10

What was the procedure in Kanner?

Answer 10

All tests in post 1 month prior.
Pops asked to complete hassles for 9 months
Life events 10 months
HSCL+ Bradburn 1 a month, 9 months.

Question 11

What were the results in Kanner?

Answer 11

Hassles consistent.
Men life events pos correlation with hassles, neg with uplifts
Women, more hassles, more life events+ uplifts.
Hassles frequency correlated pos with physiological symptoms on HSCL

Question 12

What was the conclusion in Kanner?

Answer 12

Hassles more powerful predictors of physiological symptoms than life events.
Hassles contribute to psychological symptoms whatever life event had happened.

Question 13

What was the aim in Geer and Maisel?

Answer 13

To see if perceived control or actual control can reduce stress reactions to adverse stimuli

Question 14

What was the method used in Geer and Maisel?

Answer 14

Lab, pps shown photos of dead car crash victims.

Stress levels measured with GSR and heart rate through ECG

Question 15

Who were the participants in Geer and Maisel?

Answer 15

60 undergraduates enrolled in psychology corse at a uni in New York uni

Question 16

What was the procedure in Geer and Maisel? Part 1

Answer 16

Independent measures, pps randomly to 3 conditions
Group 1: control how long they looked, tone would proceed new image.
Group 2:warned photo 60secs apart, pic 35 secs, 10 sec warning tone, no control, had warning
Group 3: no control and no warning

Question 17

What was the procedure in Geer and Maisel? Part 2

Answer 17

Seated in sound proof room, wired to machines.
Collaborated for 5 mins to get base measurements.
Instructions read on intercom, 10 sec warning tone, 35 secs flashed up.
GSR recorded at onset of tone,during second half of tone and in response of pic.

Question 18

What were the results in Geer and Maisel?

Answer 18

ECG disregarded as appeared inaccurate
Group 2= most stress
Group 1= least stress

Question 19

What was the conclusion from Geer and Maisel?

Answer 19

Having control over our environment can reduce stress response