Causes of chest pain - Cardiovascular 1

Question 1

What blood pressure is stage 1 hypertension?

Answer 1

140/90 mmHg to 160/100

Question 2

What blood pressure is stage 2 hypertension?

Answer 2

160/100 to 180/120

Question 3

What blood pressure is stage 3 hypertension?

Answer 3

over 180/120

Question 4

What drugs should be given for an adult with type 2 diabetes and hypertension?

Answer 4

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin 2 receptor blocker
then calcium-channel blocker or thiazide like diuretic

Question 5

What drugs should be given to an adult under 55 with hypertension?

Answer 5

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin 2 receptor blocker
then calcium-channel blocker or thiazide like diuretic

Question 6

What drugs should be given to a black African adult with hypertension?

Answer 6

Calcium channel blocker

then ACE inhibitor, angiotensin 2 receptor blocker or thiazide-like diuretic

Question 7

What drugs should be given to an adult over 55 with hypertension?

Answer 7

Calcium channel blocker

then ACE inhibitor, angiotensin 2 receptor blocker or thiazide-like diuretic

Question 8

What is metolazone?

Answer 8

a thiazide diuretic that reduces sodium reabsorption in the kidney

Question 9

What is losartan potassium?

Answer 9

angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). relaxes vascular smooth muscle

Question 10

What is ramiprill?

Answer 10

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE inhibitor).

Prevents angiotensin I converting to angiotensin II

Question 11

What is amlodipine?

Answer 11

Calcium channel blocker. Blocks calcium entering smooth muscle cells

Question 12

What is furosemide?

Answer 12

Loop diuretic that stops reabsorption of NA and CL in the loop of Henle

Question 13

What is an aneurysm?

Answer 13

Widening (dilation) of a blood vessel

Question 14

What is primary hypertension?

Answer 14

Unknown cause

Question 15

What is secondary hypertension?

Answer 15

An underlying cause within the body

Question 16

What are the four groups of secondary hypertension?

Answer 16

Renal
Endocrine
Vascular
Other

Question 17

What is polycystic kidney disease?

Answer 17

Cysts that form on the kidney and deteriorate function

Question 18

What is glomerulonephritis?

Answer 18

inflammation of the glomeruli

Question 19

Name 2 renal conditions that cause hypertension?

Answer 19

glomerulonephritis

polycystic kidney disease

Question 20

What is Cushing’s disease?

Answer 20

too much cortisol in your body

Question 21

What is hyperaldosteronism?

Answer 21

an endocrine disorder where your adrenal gland/s create too much aldosterone. This causes your body to lose potassium and retain too much sodium

Question 22

What is pheochromocytoma?

Answer 22

a tumour of the adrenal medulla, causing irregular secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 23

What 3 endocrine conditions cause hypertension?

Answer 23

• Cushing’s disease
• hyperaldosteronism
• pheochromocytoma

Question 24

What is coarctation of aorta?

Answer 24

A narrowing in the aorta

Question 25

What is renal artery stenosis?

Answer 25

narrowing of one or both renal arteries

Question 26

What are 2 vascular conditions that cause hypertension?

Answer 26

coarctation of aorta

Renal artery stenosis

Question 27

What other impacts cause hypertension?

Answer 27

Medication
Sleep apnoea
Pregnancy

Question 28

How does sleep apnoea cause hypertension?

Answer 28

Blockage causes limitations to oxygen, causing increase blood pressure to supply the body

Question 29

What causes aneurysm?

Answer 29

The muscle layer of the artery weakens, and the pressure will break through, causing blood to bulge in the vessel wall