Basic interventions

Question 1

What are 5 Ds to check before giving any drug?

Answer 1

Date
Dose
Drug
Damage
Dose

Question 2

What 2 things beside the 5 Ds should be checked before giving any drug?

Answer 2

Contraindications - blood-thinning or bleeding disorders

Allergies

Question 3

If you have a sharp who is responsible for disposing it?

Answer 3

You are

Question 4

Where should you dispose of a sharp?

Answer 4

Sharp bin

Question 5

When should you dispose of a sharp?

Answer 5

ASAP

Question 6

Should you pass a sharp to another person

Answer 6

No

Question 7

What are the 4 steps to take after a needle stick injury?

Answer 7

Bleed the site
Wash the site
Cover it
Report it

Question 8

What are subcutaneous injections?

Answer 8

Injected between the fat and muscle of the skin

Question 9

What are 3 key characteristics of subcutaneous injections?

Answer 9

Slow releasing
Small volumes
Water-soluble drugs only

Question 10

What are 3 examples of contraindications of subcutaneous injections?

Answer 10

No infection, oedema or poor perfusion

Question 11

Where are the 3 sites for subcutaneous injections?

Answer 11

Side of the arm
Front of the thigh
Umbilical region

Question 12

What does gauge refer to in terms of needles?

Answer 12

The diameter of the needle

Question 13

What is the range of gauge for needles and what do they mean?

Answer 13

Normally range from 22-25G. The higher the number, the smaller the gauge

Question 14

What 3 things determine the needle selection?

Answer 14

Patient size, age

Skin density

Question 15

What 3 things impact drug absorption?

Answer 15

Blood flow to skin
Exercise
Environmental temperature

Question 16

What is aspirating?

Answer 16

Drawing back on the needle, to see if blood comes back and to ensure a blood vessel hasn’t been hit

Question 17

What is the appropriate angle of injection?

Answer 17

45 (minimal fat) - 90 degrees (more fat)

Question 18

What are the 7 parts of the pre-procedure to perform an injection?

Answer 18

• Explain and gain consent
• check for allergies
• 5 D’s for drug administration
• Assemble syringe and drawing up needle and withdraw drug (no air bubbles)
• dispose drawing up needle, and apply appropriate - sized needle
• Position patient
• Check for any marks of damage to site

Question 19

What are the 4 steps to prepare a patient right before injecting?

Answer 19

• Clean hands and gloves
• ensure site is clean
• talk about procedure
• Pinch skin, at correct angle

Question 20

What are the 5 steps when injecting a patient?

Answer 20

Inject slowly 
Wait up to 10 seconds to allow drug to diffuse
Dispose of sharps
Ensure patient is comfy
Record drug administration info

Question 21

What is IM and why is it used?

Answer 21

• Intra muscular deposited into muscle tissue

- Rapid absorption with prolonged duration of action

Question 22

What volumes are used for IM injection?

Answer 22

1-5ml (small to larger muscles)

Question 23

What are the 3 sites of IM?

Answer 23

Deltoid
Vastus laterals (side of leg) 
rectus femoris (front of thigh)

Question 24

How to find injection site for deltoid IM?

Answer 24

2cm below acromion process

Question 25

Where would you give an IM injection to a child?

Answer 25

Vastus lateralis

Question 26

How to find injection site for Rectus femoris IM?

Answer 26

halfway between patella and superior iliac crest

Question 27

How to find injection site for Vastus lateralis?

Answer 27

Hands width from greater trochanter

Question 28

Why would the deltoid be an unsuitable site for IM?

Answer 28

Can only inject up to 1ml at deltoid

Question 29

What is Z-tracking and why is it done?

Answer 29

Stretch the skin before and whilst inserting needle. Stretches the skin so the entrance site is covered when the skin moves back

Question 30

What are 3 advantages of Z-tracking?

Answer 30

• minimise leakage of drug at site
• minimise pain
• less side effects