Cat 7 and 9 Flashcards
what is the endocrine system
series of ductless glands that secrete hormones
what does the thyroid do
released thyroxin which increases cellular metabolism
what gland regulates calcium
parathyroid
what does the adrenal gland secrete
steroids, epinephrine, norepinephrine
whats the function of steroids
control water and electryolyte levels and carbohydrste metabolism
where is the pituitary gland located
suspended from undersurface of brain (hypophysis)
what hormones do the pancrrease secrete
islets of langerhans secrete glucagon, insulin (sugar regulation)
what is the function of the olefactory organ
used for smelling
what is the function of the gustatory organ
for tasting
what bone do the cat eyes lie within
the orbit
what is the conjunctiva
thin, transparent mucous membrane that covers underside of each eyelid
what is the nictitating membrane
fold on the inner corner of the eye that can be expanded to cover entire eye
what is the harderian gland
located at base of the nictitating membrane, supplies secretions of the lacrimal gland
what is the lacrimal gland
tear gland
what is the infraorbital gland
small red salivary gland on the floor of the orbit, in line with upper row of teeth
how many muscles control the movement of the eye
7
what are the collective term for the eye muscles
extrinsic eye muscles
what are the 7 eye muscles
superior, inferior, lateral, and medial rectus
superior and inferior oblique
refractor
what sense are organs in the ears for
hearing and equilibrium
what are the three main parts of the ear
external ear, middle ear, internal ear
what is the pinna
sound funneling structure supporrted by cartilage
what canal extends from the pinna
external auditory meatus
where does the external auditory meatus terminate
tympanic membrane
what is the tympanic membrane
separates external ear from middle ear (delicate sheet)
how many chambers does the middle ear have
2
where is the middle ear located
in the tympanic bulla
whats another name for the middle eat
tympanic cavity
what bones transmit sound from external ear to internal ear
3 small bones or ossicles
what are the 3 ossicles
malleus, incus, stapes
what is the largest ossicle
malleus
what is the lateral wall of the tympanic cavity
fenestra vestibuli
where is the fenestra cochlea located
below the fenestra vestibuli
what are the two labrynths of the inner ear
body labrynth, vestibule
whats in the cochlea of the inner ear
sensorary hairs which are the actual receptors for sound
what is the function of ampullae in the inner ear
have sensory receptor cells to maintain equilibrium
whats something sheep eyes have that cat eyes done
a third eyelid
what is the fibrous coat of the eye
external tunic of the eye
what is the cornea
procective covering of the eye
what is the fornix
conjunctiva that connects eyelid to cornea
what is the sclera
cornea is attached to this layer. layer is grayish shiny and fibrous
what is the vitreous humor
eye jelly
what is the optic disk
where optic nerves leave eye
what allows for nigh vision (and makes animal eyes look like glowing at night)
tapetum lucidum
what is the iris
part of choroid, muscula diaphragm to regulate light passing through lens of retina
what allows eyes to focus
ciliary body muscles
what is the function of the lens
biconvex structure that refracts light passing through it
what are the three membranes that surround the brain
cranial meninges (dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater)
what is the order of the brain membranes
dura mater fused to skull, arachnoid in middle, pia mater is innermost membrane
what secretes cerebral spinal fluid
choroid plexus
what are the anterior ends of the cerebrum
frontal lobes
what are the caudal ends of the cerebrum
occipital lobes
what are the lateral segments of the cerebrum
temporal lobes
what separates lobes of cerebrum
cerebral fissure
what are the ridges of the brain called
gyri
what are the fissures of the brain
sulci
what connects the two lobes of the cerebrum
corpus callosum
what is the function of the pineal body
suppresses puberty until body is physiologically ready
what is the function of the habenular trigone
olefactory center
what is the function of the superior colliculi
eye reflex
what is the function of the inferior colliculi
auditory reflex
what does the cerabellum consist of
two cerabellar hemispheres and a vermis
what are the olfactory bulbs
elongated bodies in the ethmoid fossae of interior of the skull
what are the 2 olefactory tracts
lateral and medial olefactory tracts
what is the floor of the diencephalon made of
hypothalamus
what is x-shaped and located between the cranial ends of the pyriform lobes
optic chiasma
what is the middle olfactory tract
v shaped area between medial and lateral olfactory tracts
what do things pass through to get into the substance of the hemispheres of the brain
anterior perforated substance
what are the mammillary bodies
rounded elevations marking caudal end of hypothalmus
what are cerebral peduncles
columns that form ventrolateral surface of mesencephalon that go into the pons
where do blood vessels enter the brain from
posterior perforated substance
what is the pons
fibers to connect cerebral cortex and cerabellum
what are the pyramids
two longitudinal fiber bands
how many cranial nerves does a sheep brain have
12
how do cranial and spinal nerves differ
cranial nerves are not distributed uniformly
what nerves are found in the olfactory bulb
olfactory nerves
what nerves are found in the optic chiasma
optic nerves
what nerves are found in the peduncles
oculomotor nerves
what nerves arise from the mesencephalon in front of the base of the cerabellum
trochlear nerves
what is the largest of the cranial nerves arising from the pons
trigeminal nerves
what nerves inervate the forehead, eyes, and nose
ophthalmic nerves
what nerves inervate the upper teeth
maxillary nerves
what nerves inervate the lower jaw
mandibular nerve
what nerve is found between the pons and the trapezoid body
abducens nerve
what nerves give sensory to the tongue, face, and head
facial nerves
what nerves goes through the spine
cochlear nerve
what nerve goes through the jugular
glossaphyngeal nerve
what nerve is the longest of the nerves
vagus nerve
what nerve is responsible for breating
vagus nerve and the spinal accessory nerve
what nerve goes into the neck muscles
hypoglossal nerve
what is the curved band in the middle of the cerebral hemispheres
corpus callosum
what represents a major efferent pathway from the hippocampus to the lower brain stem center
fornix
what is the lamina terminalis
thin layer of gray matter
what is the septum pellucidum
vertical sheet of fibrous tissue
what two things make up the epithalamus
pineal body and habunular trigone
what structures are paired forming lateral walls of third ventricle
thalami
what connects the diencephalon and the mesencephalon
posterior commissure
what is the third ventricle
cavity of the diencephalon
under which ventricle can you find the medulla oblongata
under the 4th ventricle
