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Vertebrate Anatomy > Cat 7 and 9 > Flashcards

Cat 7 and 9 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the endocrine system

A

series of ductless glands that secrete hormones

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2
Q

what does the thyroid do

A

released thyroxin which increases cellular metabolism

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3
Q

what gland regulates calcium

A

parathyroid

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4
Q

what does the adrenal gland secrete

A

steroids, epinephrine, norepinephrine

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5
Q

whats the function of steroids

A

control water and electryolyte levels and carbohydrste metabolism

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6
Q

where is the pituitary gland located

A

suspended from undersurface of brain (hypophysis)

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7
Q

what hormones do the pancrrease secrete

A

islets of langerhans secrete glucagon, insulin (sugar regulation)

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8
Q

what is the function of the olefactory organ

A

used for smelling

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9
Q

what is the function of the gustatory organ

A

for tasting

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10
Q

what bone do the cat eyes lie within

A

the orbit

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11
Q

what is the conjunctiva

A

thin, transparent mucous membrane that covers underside of each eyelid

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12
Q

what is the nictitating membrane

A

fold on the inner corner of the eye that can be expanded to cover entire eye

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13
Q

what is the harderian gland

A

located at base of the nictitating membrane, supplies secretions of the lacrimal gland

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14
Q

what is the lacrimal gland

A

tear gland

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15
Q

what is the infraorbital gland

A

small red salivary gland on the floor of the orbit, in line with upper row of teeth

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16
Q

how many muscles control the movement of the eye

A

7

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17
Q

what are the collective term for the eye muscles

A

extrinsic eye muscles

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18
Q

what are the 7 eye muscles

A

superior, inferior, lateral, and medial rectus
superior and inferior oblique
refractor

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19
Q

what sense are organs in the ears for

A

hearing and equilibrium

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20
Q

what are the three main parts of the ear

A

external ear, middle ear, internal ear

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21
Q

what is the pinna

A

sound funneling structure supporrted by cartilage

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22
Q

what canal extends from the pinna

A

external auditory meatus

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23
Q

where does the external auditory meatus terminate

A

tympanic membrane

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24
Q

what is the tympanic membrane

A

separates external ear from middle ear (delicate sheet)

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25
Q

how many chambers does the middle ear have

A

2

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26
Q

where is the middle ear located

A

in the tympanic bulla

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27
Q

whats another name for the middle eat

A

tympanic cavity

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28
Q

what bones transmit sound from external ear to internal ear

A

3 small bones or ossicles

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29
Q

what are the 3 ossicles

A

malleus, incus, stapes

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30
Q

what is the largest ossicle

A

malleus

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31
Q

what is the lateral wall of the tympanic cavity

A

fenestra vestibuli

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32
Q

where is the fenestra cochlea located

A

below the fenestra vestibuli

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33
Q

what are the two labrynths of the inner ear

A

body labrynth, vestibule

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34
Q

whats in the cochlea of the inner ear

A

sensorary hairs which are the actual receptors for sound

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35
Q

what is the function of ampullae in the inner ear

A

have sensory receptor cells to maintain equilibrium

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36
Q

whats something sheep eyes have that cat eyes done

A

a third eyelid

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37
Q

what is the fibrous coat of the eye

A

external tunic of the eye

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38
Q

what is the cornea

A

procective covering of the eye

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39
Q

what is the fornix

A

conjunctiva that connects eyelid to cornea

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40
Q

what is the sclera

A

cornea is attached to this layer. layer is grayish shiny and fibrous

41
Q

what is the vitreous humor

A

eye jelly

42
Q

what is the optic disk

A

where optic nerves leave eye

43
Q

what allows for nigh vision (and makes animal eyes look like glowing at night)

A

tapetum lucidum

44
Q

what is the iris

A

part of choroid, muscula diaphragm to regulate light passing through lens of retina

45
Q

what allows eyes to focus

A

ciliary body muscles

46
Q

what is the function of the lens

A

biconvex structure that refracts light passing through it

47
Q

what are the three membranes that surround the brain

A

cranial meninges (dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater)

48
Q

what is the order of the brain membranes

A

dura mater fused to skull, arachnoid in middle, pia mater is innermost membrane

49
Q

what secretes cerebral spinal fluid

A

choroid plexus

50
Q

what are the anterior ends of the cerebrum

A

frontal lobes

51
Q

what are the caudal ends of the cerebrum

A

occipital lobes

52
Q

what are the lateral segments of the cerebrum

A

temporal lobes

53
Q

what separates lobes of cerebrum

A

cerebral fissure

54
Q

what are the ridges of the brain called

A

gyri

55
Q

what are the fissures of the brain

A

sulci

56
Q

what connects the two lobes of the cerebrum

A

corpus callosum

57
Q

what is the function of the pineal body

A

suppresses puberty until body is physiologically ready

58
Q

what is the function of the habenular trigone

A

olefactory center

59
Q

what is the function of the superior colliculi

A

eye reflex

60
Q

what is the function of the inferior colliculi

A

auditory reflex

61
Q

what does the cerabellum consist of

A

two cerabellar hemispheres and a vermis

62
Q

what are the olfactory bulbs

A

elongated bodies in the ethmoid fossae of interior of the skull

63
Q

what are the 2 olefactory tracts

A

lateral and medial olefactory tracts

64
Q

what is the floor of the diencephalon made of

A

hypothalamus

65
Q

what is x-shaped and located between the cranial ends of the pyriform lobes

A

optic chiasma

66
Q

what is the middle olfactory tract

A

v shaped area between medial and lateral olfactory tracts

67
Q

what do things pass through to get into the substance of the hemispheres of the brain

A

anterior perforated substance

68
Q

what are the mammillary bodies

A

rounded elevations marking caudal end of hypothalmus

69
Q

what are cerebral peduncles

A

columns that form ventrolateral surface of mesencephalon that go into the pons

70
Q

where do blood vessels enter the brain from

A

posterior perforated substance

71
Q

what is the pons

A

fibers to connect cerebral cortex and cerabellum

72
Q

what are the pyramids

A

two longitudinal fiber bands

73
Q

how many cranial nerves does a sheep brain have

A

12

74
Q

how do cranial and spinal nerves differ

A

cranial nerves are not distributed uniformly

75
Q

what nerves are found in the olfactory bulb

A

olfactory nerves

76
Q

what nerves are found in the optic chiasma

A

optic nerves

77
Q

what nerves are found in the peduncles

A

oculomotor nerves

78
Q

what nerves arise from the mesencephalon in front of the base of the cerabellum

A

trochlear nerves

79
Q

what is the largest of the cranial nerves arising from the pons

A

trigeminal nerves

80
Q

what nerves inervate the forehead, eyes, and nose

A

ophthalmic nerves

81
Q

what nerves inervate the upper teeth

A

maxillary nerves

82
Q

what nerves inervate the lower jaw

A

mandibular nerve

83
Q

what nerve is found between the pons and the trapezoid body

A

abducens nerve

84
Q

what nerves give sensory to the tongue, face, and head

A

facial nerves

85
Q

what nerves goes through the spine

A

cochlear nerve

86
Q

what nerve goes through the jugular

A

glossaphyngeal nerve

87
Q

what nerve is the longest of the nerves

A

vagus nerve

88
Q

what nerve is responsible for breating

A

vagus nerve and the spinal accessory nerve

89
Q

what nerve goes into the neck muscles

A

hypoglossal nerve

90
Q

what is the curved band in the middle of the cerebral hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

91
Q

what represents a major efferent pathway from the hippocampus to the lower brain stem center

A

fornix

92
Q

what is the lamina terminalis

A

thin layer of gray matter

93
Q

what is the septum pellucidum

A

vertical sheet of fibrous tissue

94
Q

what two things make up the epithalamus

A

pineal body and habunular trigone

95
Q

what structures are paired forming lateral walls of third ventricle

A

thalami

96
Q

what connects the diencephalon and the mesencephalon

A

posterior commissure

97
Q

what is the third ventricle

A

cavity of the diencephalon

98
Q

under which ventricle can you find the medulla oblongata

A

under the 4th ventricle

Vertebrate Anatomy (10 decks)

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