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AQA A-Level Physical Geography > 🌋Case Study - Typhoon Haiyan 2013 > Flashcards

🌋Case Study - Typhoon Haiyan 2013 Flashcards

1
Q

Where did the typhoon originate?

A

South China Sea, the Philippines

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2
Q

When did the typhoon occur?

A

November 2013

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3
Q

Why were storm surges increased?

A

Sea levels have risen by 20cm since 1990

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4
Q

Why was Tacloban particularly at risk?

A

It is at the edge of a bay and water was funnelled in during the storm surge, more than 4m high

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5
Q

Why were water levels in the Philippines higher?

A

Combined with rising sea levels, excess groundwater lead to the land sinking

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6
Q

How many people were killed?

A

7500

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7
Q

How many people were affected?

A

9 million

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8
Q

How many were left homeless?

A

1.9 million

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9
Q

How many people were displaced?

A

6 million

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10
Q

Why were there so many casualties?

A

Due to a lack of aid in the area

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11
Q

Why did disease spread so easily?

A

Likely due to lack of food, water and shelter

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12
Q

How much did the damage cost?

A

$2.9 billion

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13
Q

What major crops were destroyed?

A

Major rice and sugar areas

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14
Q

How many hectares of land were affected?

A

71,000

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15
Q

How much did the farm damage cost?

A

$85 million

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16
Q

What environmental losses were seen?

A

Forests were lost and widespread flooding

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17
Q

What was leaked into ecosystems?

A

Oil and sewerage

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18
Q

Why were pollution levels higher?

A

Due to lack of sanitation

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19
Q

What did the government declare?

A

A state of national emergency

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20
Q

How did the number of workers in the Tacloban government change?

A

Went from 2500 workers to 70

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21
Q

How many people were given food assistance?

A

4 million

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22
Q

How many temporary learning site were set up?

A

140,000

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23
Q

How many children were screened for malnutrition?

A

97,000

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24
Q

How many households received basic emergency shelter materials?

A

500,000

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25
Q

How many families received solar lanterns?

A

50,000

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26
Q

What services were provided?

A

Healthcare, food and water

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27
Q

How was disease prevented?

A

Hundreds of thousands of children were vaccinated

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28
Q

How many families were given seeds?

A

44,000

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29
Q

How many were given fertilisers to grow crops?

A

80,000 with the aim of feeding 800,000

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30
Q

How many received tools and materials to rebuild homes?

A

55,000

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31
Q

How many households were given cash for materials and labour?

A

40,000

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32
Q

How much money was given in grants?

A

$23 million

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33
Q

How many boat builders were trained to reinstate fishing villages?

A

900

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34
Q

What did Save the Children do in the country?

A

Trained people in trade such as carpentry
Provided most vulnerable families with housing
Gave out seeds to plant vegetables
Taught children proper hygiene

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35
Q

What did the US FAO do in the country?

A

Assisted farming and fishing families
Distributed goods and fertiliser
Encouraged women to sell hand made products
Trained boat builders

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36
Q

What was the diameter of the typhoon?

A

425km

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37
Q

Cause: What were the 2 natural causes of the typhoon?

A

Low wind shear
Warm Pacific Ocean

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38
Q

Cause: How did human interference make it worse?

A

Towns and cities on coastlines- high populations
Climate change- sea levels have risen and sea surface temperature has increased

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39
Q

Cause: When was it declared a typhoon?

A

5th November 2013

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40
Q

Cause: Unofficially, typhoon Haiyan is the _____ most intense tropical cyclone on record

A

4th

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41
Q

P.E.: After one day, what was the Philippines declared?

A

A State of National Calamity, and asked for international help

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42
Q

P.E.: Where did oil and sewage leak into?

A

Local ecosystems

43
Q

P.E.: What percentage of Tacloban City government workers came into work?

A

2.8%

44
Q

S.E.: How many tons of rice were lost?

A

130,000

45
Q

S.E.: How much of agricultural exports do coconuts account for?

A

50%

46
Q

S.E.: What happened to coconut farms?

A

They were completely flattened

47
Q

S.E.: Why were there high levels of pollution in the following weeks?

A

Because of poor sanitation

48
Q

S.E.: Why were fishing communities badly affected?

A

The storm destroyed all boats and fishing equipment

49
Q

S.E.: What happened to the populations of less affected areas?

A

They more than doubled after an influx of refugees

50
Q

S.E.: How high was the storm surge in Tacloban?

A

5m

51
Q

I.R.: Which army delivered World Programme food supplies?

A

U.S. Army
They used helicopters for hard to reach areas

52
Q

I.R.: How much did the UN appeal want to raise?

A

£190 million
Was increased later on as impact was underestimated

53
Q

I.R.: How much did the UK Disaster Emergency Committee raise in 24 hours?

A

£13 million

54
Q

I.R.: Who distributed supplies like cash, food and shelter to more than 1 million people?

A

Red Cross and 50 other organisations

55
Q

I.R.: How many Red Cross volunteers helped the emergency distribution efforts?

A

8,000

56
Q

I.R.: Who was criticised for their slow response?

A

President Benigno Aquino

57
Q

I.R.: How many people received shel

A

17,800
went to more sustainable homes

58
Q

L.R.: What did the United Nations admit about their response?

A

It had been too slow, with reports of hunger and thirst among desperate survivors

59
Q

L.R.: How many households received cash grants from the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement?

A

75,000

60
Q

L.R.: How many families got a home from World Renew across 3 islands?

A

1,400

61
Q

L.R.: How many latrines did World Renew build?

A

320

62
Q

L.R.: How much did Japan give to Poverty Reduction?

A

$20 million

63
Q

L.R.: How many temporary learning centres did OCHA build?

A

140,000

64
Q

L.R.: Why did FAO teach coconut farmers other skills?

A

So they could diversify as coconut trees take 6-8 years to regrow

65
Q

L.R.: How many anglers did FAO train on how to build boats?

A

900… apprentices… spread of knowledge

66
Q

L.R.: Why’s it good that FAO trained women on how to add value to fish products?

A

It increases their economic output… send kids to school

67
Q

L.R.: What has FAO restored along coastlines?

A

Mangroves

68
Q

L.R.: How many did Save the Children help?

A

900,000, 50% were kids

69
Q

L.R.: What did Save the Children teach at community centres and schools?

A

How to properly wash hands, reducing future disease

70
Q

L.R.: How many families were given seeds by OCHA? How many should this feed a year?

A

44,000 given seeds
Should feed 800,000 a year

71
Q

I.R.: Which nations set up a joint field hospital to help treat the injured?

A

France and Belgium

72
Q

I.R.: What percentage of emergency shelter was provided by the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement?

A

25%
Included tents and tarpaulin

73
Q

What % live in poverty?

A

Just under 30%

74
Q

What % have access to clean water

A

95%

75
Q

Life expectancy?

A

72

76
Q

How many doctors per 1000 people

A

1.15

77
Q

% literacy rate

A

Just under 50%

78
Q

Date

A

November 7th & 8th 2013

79
Q

How much have water levels risen since 1900 and what has this meant?

A

About 20cm - this has contributed to greater storm surges

80
Q

Sea rise in the Philippines vs the rest of the world?

A

Rise near the Philippines has been the highest anywhere in the world, at three times larger than the global average

81
Q

How much of Tacloban was destroyed?

A

90%

82
Q

What do coconuts account for in the Philippines?

A

Nearly half of all agricultural exports

83
Q

What is the country the world’s biggest producer of?

A

Coconut oil

84
Q

How many tons of sugar was lost?

A

Between 50,000 tons and 120,000 tons

85
Q

How many hectares of farmland was lost?

A

70,000 hectares

86
Q

How many fishing boats were destroyed?

A

30,000 fishing boats

87
Q

How many lost a source of income?

A

6 million

88
Q

What was completely flattened?

A

Coconuts

89
Q

What community was severely affected?

A

Fishing community

90
Q

What did the Philippines declare and ask for?

A

The Philippines formally declared “A State of National Calamity” and asked for international help, one day after the Haiyan hit the country

91
Q

How much food was given by OCHA?

A

4 million

92
Q

How many households were given basic emergency shelter materials by the OCHA?

A

500,000

93
Q

How many medical teams did the WHO provide?

A

150

94
Q

How many public health facilities were assessed and mapped by the WTO?

A

582

95
Q

How many tons of medical supplies and equipments were coordinated by the WTO?

A

500

96
Q

What did the ADB provide?

A

$23 millions in grants to address immediate needs

97
Q

What did world vision provide?

A

123,000 families food, 17,000 shelter kits

98
Q

How many evacuation centres for the homeless were set up?

A

1200

99
Q

How many were given seed and fertiliser and how many will this feed by the OCHA?

A

44,00 families given seeds, 80,000 given fertiliser - will feed 800,000 per year

100
Q

How many were given educational materials by the OCHA?

A

420,000 children

101
Q

How many children did the OCHA screen for malnutrition?

A

97,000

102
Q

How many children did the WTO vaccinate against measles?

A

110,000

103
Q

World vision motto

A

Build back better

104
Q

What did build back better aim to do and what has actually happened?

A

205,000 homes but by 2016 only 1% had be built

AQA A-Level Physical Geography (28 decks)

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