🌋Case Study - Philippines Multihazardous Flashcards by Odette Dyer

What hazards does the Philippines endure?

Droughts
Earthquakes
Floods
Tropical Storms
Volcanoes
Wildfires

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What is the most frequent hazard event in the Philippines?

Tropical cyclones

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What percentage of all disasters in South East Asia occur in the Philippines?

30%

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Where does the Philippines rank on the list of most exposed countries in the world?

8th

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How many volcanoes does the Philippines have?

220

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How many typhoons does the Philippines have a year?

Around 20, 5-7 of which are destructive

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What are floods triggered by?

Frequent typhoons

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What is the annual damage expected to cost?

£3 million

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What is the NDCC?

The National Disaster Co-ordinating Council

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How is climate change affecting the Philippines?

It is seeing longer periods of drought and El Nino, causing a drop in agricultural production and GDP

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What has increased as a result of declining forest cover in the Philippines?

Flash flooding and landslides

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What does the NDCC do?

It is responsible for disaster preparedness, prevention and mitigation, an inter agency organisation

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How is the UNDP involved in the Philippines?

It is involved in hazard mapping and assessing the impacts of hydro-meteorological hazards

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What is PHIVOLCS?

An institution dedicated to providing information on activity of volcanoes, earthquakes and tsunamis in the Philippines

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Why does the Philippines experience volcanic hazards?

It is on the boundary between the Eurasian and Philippine Plates

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How have people histroically adapted their homes to cope with disaster?

Building them out of palm and bamboo so that they were easily rebuilt and less likely to injure people in earthquakes and storms

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What do Philippine farmers focus on?

Reduction of crop loss rather than efficiency or yield due to famine

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How do farmers help to minimise crop losses?

By encouraging crop diversity so that there is secure food source during times of climatic change

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What types of plants are commonly planted in the area?

sweet potato, garlic and onions as they grow underground so are usually unaffected by events above ground

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How many people were killed by the 1991 Pinatubo eruption?

Between 900 and 1000

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How have communities in the Philippines adapted?

More self reliant
Dependent on their own resources
Less likely to look to the government for help

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What can happen at the plate boundary?

The plates can become locked as the Philippine plate is subducted

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What was set up in 2009?

The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council

What does the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council do?

Responsible for ensuring the protection and welfare of people during disasters

What was produced in 2018?

A comprehensive hazard risk management handbook, it was distributed widely

Which organisations does the Philippines have partnerships with?

The Red Cross Federal Agricultural Organisation ActionAid Asian Development Bank

Why does the Philippines location make it vulnerable to so many natural disasters?

Lies on Pacific belt Earthquakes, volcanoes, etc

Name some of the hazards it’s exposed to

Drought Seismic Activity Epidemic Flood Insect Infestation Storms Volcanoes Wildfires

How much of the land is exposed to hazards? How much of the population is this?

60% 74% of the population

Resilience: How are the community resilient?

Fatalism Used to coping with aftermath Worth risk i.e. fertile soils Prepare- stockpile food, widen rivers to reduce flood risk

Adaptation: 4 main ways to adapt

Building Codes Early Warning Systems READY Building Embankments

Adaptation: Building Codes

Better quality, cope with hazards i.e. stilts for flooding But many residents live in informal accommodation

Adaptation: Early Warning Systems

Doppler Radars Accurate weather forecasts, improves typhoon warning

Adaptation: READY

Funded by AusAID Establish hazard maps- don’t build in high risk areas etc.

Adaptation: Building Embankments

Reduces flood risk From tsunamis, storms surge

Mitigation: 3 organisations

National Disaster Coordinating Council Department of Education TV Campaigns

Mitigation: National Disaster Coordinating Council

Responsible for preparedness, prevention, mitigation Utilises calamity fund Ensures all agencies follow same plan Engages public through workshops

Mitigation: Department of Education

Cover disaster preparedness in curriculum Helps spread awareness

Mitigation: TV Campaigns

Spreads information on disaster awareness Not all disaster prone areas have TVs

Management: Local Government

. Speak on behalf of residents . First responder in emergency . Get advice on how to improve hazard response . Educated on how to interpret hazard maps and weather forecasts . Makes use of resources to protect population

Management: How much of local government income set aside for post disaster relief, reconstruction, mitigation?

5% Don’t have to submit a report on how it’s used Difficult to evaluate effectiveness

How many islands make it up?

7000

How large is the vulnerable population?

98 million

GDP and what does this mean?

Only $4700 per year so mitigation spending is limited

What is plate zone like?

Located on a destructive plate zone + subduction zone

How many deadly earthquakes occurred between 1900 and 2011, how many were killed and how much was the damage?

22 deadly earthquakes killing over 9500 people and causing $230 million in damage

What type of volcano?

Stratocone volcano

Cost of eruption damage since 1900?

$2.3 billion

How many deadly volcanos have there been since 1900?

Tropical storm example

Typhoon Haiyan

How many storms since 1900?

257

Why doesn’t the government protect against all hazards?

. Not possible to protect against all hazards due to high frequency + different hazard types . Don’t have the money . One protection measure against a hazard may encourage another

What did the Management Act of 2010 shift

The government’s focus from emergency relief to disaster risk reduction and prevention

The climate experiment project

. Software that calculates the % chance of rain (PCOR) . Uses infrared and water vapor satellite image data . Uses Doppler Radar data and statistical evaluation of historical rainfall

Philippine Geoportal

Advocates the use of standard multi-scale base maps for strategic planning, decision making, situational analysis and other common requirements