🌋Case Study - Nepal 2015 Flashcards
When did the earthquake occur?
12:21pm on 25th April 2015
How long did the earthquake last for?
2 minutes
Where on the Richter scale was the earthquake?
7.9
What were the immediate effects?
Buildings collapsed due to poor construction and lack of foundations
What did the earthquake trigger in the Himalayas?
Avalanches and rockfalls
How many climbers and sherpas were killed at Everest base camp?
18
In what season did the earthquake occur?
The main tourist season, and people from all over the world were killed
How many people died?
8000
How many were injured?
14,500
How many were made homeless?
2.8 million
What happened to the villages of the Ghorka region?
They were completely cut off as communications and roads were damaged
What happened to the dead?
They were cremated in funeral pyres
What happened to casualties?
They were carried to hospitals or treated in the streetes
What happened in terms of aftershocks?
There were several on the Saturday night, up to 6.9 on the Richter scale.
How far was the country estimated to have been put back?
100 years
What was requested by the Nepalese government?
Outside assisstance
Which countries sent aid initially?
US, UK, Pakistan and India
How were dogs used in the rescue?
To seek out the missing, as well as using heat cameras
What aid was delivered?
Water and water purification tablets, tents, blankets, solar lights and medical aid
Which aid agencies were already int the country?
Oxfam and the UN
Why were there aid agencies already in the country?
Due to its extreme poverty
What happened to the international airport?
The only one in the country, in Kathmandu, was damaged, so getting aid in was difficult
What was broadcast on 28th April?
A Disaster Emergency Committee appeal
How much did the British public give?
£41 million
How many people were helped in the first two weeks thanks to the DEC appeal?
310,000
How many hygiene kits did Christian Aid distribute?
10,000 for 50,000 people
How did Islamic Relief respond?
By distributing food for 2,500 people
How did Oxfam respond?
By installing an 11,000 litre tank and 58,000 litres of drinking water
What happened on May 12th?
A second earthquake of 7.3 on the Richter scale
What were the concerns in early May?
That a cholera outbreak would occur
How long was it estimated that Nepal would take to recover?
A decade
How many children would be deprived of a normal childhood due to the earthquake?
1.1 million
What did the UN set up to aid children?
Temporary schools using the ‘education in a box’ resources
How was tourism affected?
The infrastructure needed to get climbers up to Mount Everest was severely damaged with roads and air strips needing reconstruction
What was happening 2 weeks before the earthquake in Kathmandu?
Experts were trying to help Nepal to prepare for its ext big earthquake, which was expected
How long had it been since the previous large event?
80 years
Why was there a lack of urgency in Nepal before the earthquake?
Due to a lack of recent earthquake activity and little knowledge of the potential damage
How many temporary learning centres were set up?
15,000
How did Facebook respond?
By creating a ‘safety check’ allowing families to mark themselves as ‘safe’
How much did the Asian Development Bank pledge?
$200 million to help reconstruct buildings and help nation’s rehabilitation
Where does Nepal rank in terms of wealth?
157th in the World
Cause: Which plate is subducting under the Eurasian plate?
Indian
Cause: What’s the annual movement of the 2 plates?
45mm north-northeast
Cause: What has this plate movement created?
The Himalayas
P.E.: Name an ancient monument that collapsed
Dharahara Tower
P.E.: Where were communication lines and roads destroyed, making the area totally isolated?
Ghorka region
S.E.: Which industry saw large drops?
Tourism
S.E.: How many children didn’t have a school to return to?
Close to 1 million
S.E.: What happened to harvests?
They were reduced or lost
S.E.: What happened to some of the steep valleys?
They suffered landslides
S.E.: Where were 250 people killed by a landslide?
Ghodatabela
I.R.: Why did people flee from buildings?
To avoid falling masonry
I.R.: Why did people start digging with their bare hands?
To find buried people
I.R.: Why were people cremated in the streets?
To reduce disease
I.R.: What was brought in on 26th April?
Earth moving equipment
I.R.: Why were Oxfam and UN already in Nepal?
Due to the poverty, meaning trained teams were already on hand
I.R.: Why was getting aid into Nepal hard?
Because they only have one international airport
I.R.: What 3 things did the Nepalese government request from UK, India, US etc?
Dogs and heating sensing equipment to aid search
Supplies for survivors: tents, water, e.t.c.
Medical aid (supplies and expertise)
I.R.: When was the Disaster Emergency Committee broadcast?
Tuesday 28th April
I.R.: How much did the British public give to D.E.C.? How many did this help in the first 2 weeks?
£41 million, helping 310,000
I.R.: How many hygiene kits did Christian Aid distribute?
10,000
I.R.: What percentage of Nepalese soldiers were mobilised to help?
90%c
Efforts disrupted by landslides and damaged infrastructure
L.R.: How many temporary learning centres were set up?
Name 1 charity involved with their creation
15,000
Included Save the Children
L.R.: Name 2 standards that reconstructed buildings would have to meet
National Building Code
Comprehensive School Safety Framework
L.R.: Which company donated millions of dollars to help develop impacted areas?
Microsoft
L.R.: Which company are going to monitor the area’s tectonic activity more closely?
Geohazard International
L.R.: What 3 parts does the Red Cross recovery plan include?
Rebuilding homes
Improving provision of water
Improve sanitation
L.R.: Why are some medical teams still in the area?
To give long term support to survivors
What was the earthquake’s depth?
Only 15km
Where was the epicentre?
Just outside capital of Kathmandu
What caused the earthquake?
Release of pressure at the Indian/Eurasian destructive plate boundary where both plates are continental
How many were killed at Mt Everest and why?
18 climbers were killed at Mt Everest base camp due to avalanches and rock falls
How many homes were destroyed and why?
600,000
What % of shops were lost?
50%
How many schools were destroyed?
7000
What was destroyed which impacts tourism?
Ancient monuments such as Dharahara tower in Kathmandu was destroyed
How long will it take to recover financially?
A decade
What was the reduction in tourism?
72%
What was the total cost of rebuilding?
$6.6 billion
What did people do due to aftershocks?
People slept in the open, afraid to go back into the remains of their home due to aftershock
How many people did Oxfam provide clean water to?
Over 400 000 people
What was used to coordinate a response?
The GIS tool “Crisis mapping”
How much did the Asian development bank give and to help with what?
$200 million to help the rebuilding process
What has been done to improve infrastructure?
New national building codes have been created and are starting to be enforced
Oxfam cash for work
Helped 15 000 people to earn as they rebuilt their homes, women trained in carpentry
How much did India and China commit to support Nepal?
Over $1 billion
One year on how many lived in temporary camps?
13,000
Issue with donations
Did not translated into clear plan
Issue with schools in the long term after the event
Schools in earthquake affected areas officially reopened on 31 May, but close to one million children do not have schools to return to
