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AQA A-Level Physical Geography > 🌋Case Study - Nepal 2015 > Flashcards

🌋Case Study - Nepal 2015 Flashcards

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1
Q

When did the earthquake occur?

A

12:21pm on 25th April 2015

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2
Q

How long did the earthquake last for?

A

2 minutes

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3
Q

Where on the Richter scale was the earthquake?

A

7.9

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4
Q

What were the immediate effects?

A

Buildings collapsed due to poor construction and lack of foundations

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5
Q

What did the earthquake trigger in the Himalayas?

A

Avalanches and rockfalls

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6
Q

How many climbers and sherpas were killed at Everest base camp?

A

18

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7
Q

In what season did the earthquake occur?

A

The main tourist season, and people from all over the world were killed

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8
Q

How many people died?

A

8000

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9
Q

How many were injured?

A

14,500

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10
Q

How many were made homeless?

A

2.8 million

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11
Q

What happened to the villages of the Ghorka region?

A

They were completely cut off as communications and roads were damaged

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12
Q

What happened to the dead?

A

They were cremated in funeral pyres

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13
Q

What happened to casualties?

A

They were carried to hospitals or treated in the streetes

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14
Q

What happened in terms of aftershocks?

A

There were several on the Saturday night, up to 6.9 on the Richter scale.

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15
Q

How far was the country estimated to have been put back?

A

100 years

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16
Q

What was requested by the Nepalese government?

A

Outside assisstance

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17
Q

Which countries sent aid initially?

A

US, UK, Pakistan and India

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18
Q

How were dogs used in the rescue?

A

To seek out the missing, as well as using heat cameras

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19
Q

What aid was delivered?

A

Water and water purification tablets, tents, blankets, solar lights and medical aid

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20
Q

Which aid agencies were already int the country?

A

Oxfam and the UN

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21
Q

Why were there aid agencies already in the country?

A

Due to its extreme poverty

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22
Q

What happened to the international airport?

A

The only one in the country, in Kathmandu, was damaged, so getting aid in was difficult

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23
Q

What was broadcast on 28th April?

A

A Disaster Emergency Committee appeal

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24
Q

How much did the British public give?

A

£41 million

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25
Q

How many people were helped in the first two weeks thanks to the DEC appeal?

A

310,000

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26
Q

How many hygiene kits did Christian Aid distribute?

A

10,000 for 50,000 people

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27
Q

How did Islamic Relief respond?

A

By distributing food for 2,500 people

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28
Q

How did Oxfam respond?

A

By installing an 11,000 litre tank and 58,000 litres of drinking water

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29
Q

What happened on May 12th?

A

A second earthquake of 7.3 on the Richter scale

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30
Q

What were the concerns in early May?

A

That a cholera outbreak would occur

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31
Q

How long was it estimated that Nepal would take to recover?

A

A decade

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32
Q

How many children would be deprived of a normal childhood due to the earthquake?

A

1.1 million

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33
Q

What did the UN set up to aid children?

A

Temporary schools using the ‘education in a box’ resources

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34
Q

How was tourism affected?

A

The infrastructure needed to get climbers up to Mount Everest was severely damaged with roads and air strips needing reconstruction

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35
Q

What was happening 2 weeks before the earthquake in Kathmandu?

A

Experts were trying to help Nepal to prepare for its ext big earthquake, which was expected

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36
Q

How long had it been since the previous large event?

A

80 years

37
Q

Why was there a lack of urgency in Nepal before the earthquake?

A

Due to a lack of recent earthquake activity and little knowledge of the potential damage

38
Q

How many temporary learning centres were set up?

A

15,000

39
Q

How did Facebook respond?

A

By creating a ‘safety check’ allowing families to mark themselves as ‘safe’

40
Q

How much did the Asian Development Bank pledge?

A

$200 million to help reconstruct buildings and help nation’s rehabilitation

41
Q

Where does Nepal rank in terms of wealth?

A

157th in the World

42
Q

Cause: Which plate is subducting under the Eurasian plate?

A

Indian

43
Q

Cause: What’s the annual movement of the 2 plates?

A

45mm north-northeast

44
Q

Cause: What has this plate movement created?

A

The Himalayas

45
Q

P.E.: Name an ancient monument that collapsed

A

Dharahara Tower

46
Q

P.E.: Where were communication lines and roads destroyed, making the area totally isolated?

A

Ghorka region

47
Q

S.E.: Which industry saw large drops?

A

Tourism

48
Q

S.E.: How many children didn’t have a school to return to?

A

Close to 1 million

49
Q

S.E.: What happened to harvests?

A

They were reduced or lost

50
Q

S.E.: What happened to some of the steep valleys?

A

They suffered landslides

51
Q

S.E.: Where were 250 people killed by a landslide?

A

Ghodatabela

52
Q

I.R.: Why did people flee from buildings?

A

To avoid falling masonry

53
Q

I.R.: Why did people start digging with their bare hands?

A

To find buried people

54
Q

I.R.: Why were people cremated in the streets?

A

To reduce disease

55
Q

I.R.: What was brought in on 26th April?

A

Earth moving equipment

56
Q

I.R.: Why were Oxfam and UN already in Nepal?

A

Due to the poverty, meaning trained teams were already on hand

57
Q

I.R.: Why was getting aid into Nepal hard?

A

Because they only have one international airport

58
Q

I.R.: What 3 things did the Nepalese government request from UK, India, US etc?

A

Dogs and heating sensing equipment to aid search
Supplies for survivors: tents, water, e.t.c.
Medical aid (supplies and expertise)

59
Q

I.R.: When was the Disaster Emergency Committee broadcast?

A

Tuesday 28th April

60
Q

I.R.: How much did the British public give to D.E.C.? How many did this help in the first 2 weeks?

A

£41 million, helping 310,000

61
Q

I.R.: How many hygiene kits did Christian Aid distribute?

A

10,000

62
Q

I.R.: What percentage of Nepalese soldiers were mobilised to help?

A

90%c
Efforts disrupted by landslides and damaged infrastructure

63
Q

L.R.: How many temporary learning centres were set up?
Name 1 charity involved with their creation

A

15,000
Included Save the Children

64
Q

L.R.: Name 2 standards that reconstructed buildings would have to meet

A

National Building Code
Comprehensive School Safety Framework

65
Q

L.R.: Which company donated millions of dollars to help develop impacted areas?

A

Microsoft

66
Q

L.R.: Which company are going to monitor the area’s tectonic activity more closely?

A

Geohazard International

67
Q

L.R.: What 3 parts does the Red Cross recovery plan include?

A

Rebuilding homes
Improving provision of water
Improve sanitation

68
Q

L.R.: Why are some medical teams still in the area?

A

To give long term support to survivors

69
Q

What was the earthquake’s depth?

A

Only 15km

70
Q

Where was the epicentre?

A

Just outside capital of Kathmandu

71
Q

What caused the earthquake?

A

Release of pressure at the Indian/Eurasian destructive plate boundary where both plates are continental

72
Q

How many were killed at Mt Everest and why?

A

18 climbers were killed at Mt Everest base camp due to avalanches and rock falls

73
Q

How many homes were destroyed and why?

A

600,000

74
Q

What % of shops were lost?

A

50%

75
Q

How many schools were destroyed?

A

7000

76
Q

What was destroyed which impacts tourism?

A

Ancient monuments such as Dharahara tower in Kathmandu was destroyed

77
Q

How long will it take to recover financially?

A

A decade

78
Q

What was the reduction in tourism?

A

72%

79
Q

What was the total cost of rebuilding?

A

$6.6 billion

80
Q

What did people do due to aftershocks?

A

People slept in the open, afraid to go back into the remains of their home due to aftershock

81
Q

How many people did Oxfam provide clean water to?

A

Over 400 000 people

82
Q

What was used to coordinate a response?

A

The GIS tool “Crisis mapping”

83
Q

How much did the Asian development bank give and to help with what?

A

$200 million to help the rebuilding process

84
Q

What has been done to improve infrastructure?

A

New national building codes have been created and are starting to be enforced

85
Q

Oxfam cash for work

A

Helped 15 000 people to earn as they rebuilt their homes, women trained in carpentry

86
Q

How much did India and China commit to support Nepal?

A

Over $1 billion

87
Q

One year on how many lived in temporary camps?

A

13,000

88
Q

Issue with donations

A

Did not translated into clear plan

89
Q

Issue with schools in the long term after the event

A

Schools in earthquake affected areas officially reopened on 31 May, but close to one million children do not have schools to return to

AQA A-Level Physical Geography (28 decks)

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