case- based discussion on lower limb pain

Question 1

What is the classic clinical presentation of sciatica?

Answer 1

Sharp, burning pain radiating from the lower back down the leg, often following the path of the sciatic nerve.

Question 2

What is the most common cause of sciatica?

Answer 2

Lumbar disc herniation compressing the sciatic nerve.

Question 3

What physical examination finding is associated with sciatica?

Answer 3

Positive straight leg raise test.

Question 4

What are the first-line treatments for sciatica?

Answer 4

Rest, physical therapy, NSAIDs, and avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms.

Question 5

What can cause compartment syndrome in the lower limb?

Answer 5

Trauma, fractures, or vigorous exercise leading to increased pressure within a muscle compartment.

Question 6

What are early signs of compartment syndrome in the lower limb?

Answer 6

Pain disproportionate to the injury, tense or swollen compartment, and pain with passive stretching of the muscles.

Question 7

describe pseudogout crystals

Answer 7

Question 8

What are key differential diagnoses for lower limb pain?

Answer 8

Sciatica, compartment syndrome, musculoskeletal injuries, and vascular insufficiency.

Question 9

What is the imaging modality of choice for diagnosing lumbar disc herniation?

Answer 9

MRI to visualize nerve root compression and disc pathology.