Anki_cards___2024-11-12T20-09-29 Flashcards
What are the various imaging modalities for bone imaging? 1. […] 2. […] 3. […] 4. […] 5. […] 6. Fluoroscopy 7. Misc (angiography, PET-CT)
What are the various imaging modalities for bone imaging? 1. Plain radiographs 2. CT 3. MRI 4. Nuclear medicine - bone scan 5. Ultrasound 6. Fluoroscopy 7. Misc (angiography, PET-CT)
Plain radiography (x-ray)(IMPT) Wide applications, like: - […] - […] - […] - […] - […] Pros: […] Limitations: - […] - […]
Plain radiography (x-ray)(IMPT) Wide applications, like: - Trauma - Tumours - Guiding surgical planning - Confirm therapeutic measures - Track healing and complications Pros: Cheap, quick and easily available Limitations: - Less accurate in complex anatomy regions - Limited sensitivity in soft tissue and subtle bony changes
Bone scans (quite impt) How it’s done? 1. […] injected IV 2. Tracer incorporated into bone 3. Gamma camera shows distribution of tracer in bone 4. Areas of […] show increased tracer uptake (hot spots) Advantages: - […] - […] LImitations: - […] - […]
Bone scans (quite impt) How it’s done? 1. Radioisotope (Tc-MDP) injected IV 2. Tracer incorporated into bone 3. Gamma camera shows distribution of tracer in bone 4. Areas of rapid bone growth/repair show increased tracer uptake (hot spots) Advantages: - Highly sensitive - Good for assessment of entire skeleton LImitations: - Non-specific - False-negatives (eg multiple myeloma) There are physiologi
CT (Computed Tomography) (IMPT) Applications: - […] - […] - […] - […] Allows assessment in multiple planes: […] Pros: […]
CT (Computed Tomography) (IMPT) Applications: - Complex anatomical areas (pelvis, wrist and spine) - Define or exclude fractures not seen on x-ray - Conservative or intervention guide - Optimal surgical planning Allows assessment in multiple planes: axial, coronal, sagittal Pros: Fast and quick to perform Reconstruction of bony structures can be done. Dual colour can also be used for CT.
MRI (IMPT) Advantages: - […] - […] - […] - […] Disadvantages: - […] - […] - […]
MRI (IMPT) Advantages: - No radiation - Good soft-tissue contrast resolution - Highly sensitive for assessment of marrow and soft-tissue changes - Multiplanar Disadvantages: - Time of examination (long) - Expensive - Contraindications In MRIs multiplanar reconstructions can be done as well, but then MRIs are also quite expensive and it takes a while longer than the rest.
Ultrasound (quite impt) Normally used for: - […] - […] - […] PET-CT is normally used for […] Angiography is not usually used for bones
Ultrasound (quite impt) Normally used for: - Soft tissues and tendons - Shoulders - Knees (Baker’s cyst etc) PET-CT is normally used for cancer Angiography is not usually used for bones
Under xray, how does giant cell tumours of the bone appear as? […] What is the common site for giant cell tumours of the bone? […]
Under xray, how does giant cell tumours of the bone appear as? Soap-bubbly appearance What is the common site for giant cell tumours of the bone? Subarticular, 50% around knees
How does osteosarcoma present under the xray? […]
How does osteosarcoma present under the xray? Sunburst, Codman’s triangle
What are the key features of chondrosarcoma under xray? - […] - Metaphyseal - Lucent, expanded - Cortical destruction (not always)
What are the key features of chondrosarcoma under xray? - Calcification (may be amorphous) - Metaphyseal - Lucent, expanded - Cortical destruction (not always)
Ewing’s sarcoma commonly occurs in […] What is the most common site? […]
Ewing’s sarcoma commonly occurs in children < 10 y/o What is the most common site? Diaphysis (middle portion) Here says 5-15 but lets just follow patho lecture lol
What are the unique radiography features of EWS? - […] - […] - […] - […]
What are the unique radiography features of EWS? - Poorly marginated - Permeative destruction - Layered periosteal new bone (periosteal reaction); “Onion skinning” - Usually significant soft tissue component Dont worry I made sure this card is in sync w the one in patho deck LOL
