Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medicine year 1 semester 2 > Case 7- seminar recources > Flashcards

Case 7- seminar recources Flashcards

1
Q

List 3 bacterial causes of RTI

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Haemophilus influenzae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List 3 viral causes of RTI

A

RSV
Influenza (A,B C)
Adenovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List 3 fungal causes of RTI

A

Candida spp.
Aspergillus spp.
Mucor spp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Definition of community acquired pneumonia

A

Signs and symptoms of acute lower respiratory tract infection with radiographic shadowing with no other explanation. This must have occurred in the community setting. If the symptoms develop after 48 hours in hospital, it is hospital acquired pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The causative agent of CAP

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The bacteria associated with pneumonia secondary to infection

A

Staphylococcus aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many people under 5 die from pneumonia

A

About 1 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Type of pneumonia associated with poorly decontaminated cooling towers

A

Legionella spp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can NSAID’s cover

A

A fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Example of immunosuppressant

A

Methotrexate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Effect of immunosuppressants on lungs

A

Can cause fibrosis in the lungs, leaves them more open to infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What proportion of adult sore throats are caused by virus’s

A

85-90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the major cause of bacterial sore throat

A

(GAHBS) also known as Streptococcus pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Two bacteria commonly associated with hospital acquired pneumonia

A

E.coli, S.aureus, Klebsiella spp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A fungal infection associated with HIV related pneumonia

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii (previously P.carinii)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

An antibiotic empirically used to treat CAP

A

Amoxicillin, if allergic to penicillin Clarithromycin (erythromycin if pregnant)

17
Q

The virus that causes the majority of bronchiolitis in children under 1

A

RSV

18
Q

How effective is the flu vaccine

A

10-30%

19
Q

Cause of Pharyngitis

A 
Bacteria= Streptococcus pyogens
Virus= Adenovirus, Coxsackevirus
20
Q

Cause of Sinusitis

A

Bacteria= Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae

21
Q

Cause of Epiglottis

A

Bacteria= Haemophilus influenzae, β-haemolytic streptococci (groups A, B, and C)
Virus- Staph.a, Streptococcus pneumoniae.

22
Q

What causes a sore throat

A

Due to an acute upper respiratory tract infection which affects the mucosa of the throat

23
Q

Pathogens which cause a throat infection

A

Virus- rhinovirus, coronavirus, influenza A and B.
Bacteria- Group A BH Strep (GAHBS)
Fungal- Candida Albicans

24
Q

FeverPAIN criteria, the likelihood of a soar throat being Streptococcus

A

0 or 1 - 13to 18% likelihood of isolating streptococcus
2 or 3 - 34to 40% likelihood of isolating streptococcus
4 or 5 - 62to 65% likelihood of isolating streptococcus
If over 5 immediately prescribe antibiotics

25
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Inflammation of the epiglottis. Presents with sore throat, stridor in children. People tend to get it between 2-5.

26
Q

Diptheria

A

Caused by Corynrbacterium diptheriae which is a gram +ve rod. Fatality rate between 10-15%. Cases rapidly dropped once the vaccine was introduced. It forms a grey exudate (pseudomembrane) which can block the throat leading to infection

27
Q

Mechanism of c.diphtheriae

A

The disease is caused by the release of a single exotoxin. The toxin inhibits cell protein synthesis leading to tissue destruction. The toxins produced in the Pseudomembrane enters the bloodstream and causes damage to distant sites. Complications- death, Myocarditis and Neuritis (inflammation of nerves).

28
Q

Treatment of C.diphtheriae

A

Treatment with antitoxins, antibiotics including Penicillin G and Erythromycin.

29
Q

Cause of Croup

A

Parainfluenza

30
Q

Symptoms of Croup

A

Occurs in childhood, causes a harsh barking cough, hoarse voice and inspiratory stridor. Normally occurs in children younger then 3

31
Q

Whooping cough

A

Caused by the bacterium Bordetella Pertussis, spread by aerosol droplets. It is a protracted cough which follows a pertussis infection. Affects infants and young people. The cough lasts for 3 months or more. There is a vaccine against it

32
Q

Whooping cough disease pattern

A

The catarrhal phaselasts between one and twoweeks. Symptoms similar to general URTI
The paroxysmal phasetypically occurs about 1 week after the catarrhal phase and lasts between one and six weeks. Between coughing fits (paroxysms), the person is usually relatively well
The convalescent phaselasts up to 3 months with gradual improvement in cough frequency and severity

33
Q

6 in 1 vaccination

A

1) Diptheria
2) Hepatitis B
3) Hib
4) Polio
5) Tetanus
6) Whooping cough (pertussis)

34
Q

When do you get the 6 in 1 vaccination

A

Its given at 8, 12 and 16 weeks

Medicine year 1 semester 2 (61 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions