CARS VOCAB Flashcards
totaltarian
dictatorship
pivotal
holds importance and may cause success
annotate
add notes to (a text or diagram) giving explanation or comment.
alternatively as a question in CARS means you should what?
Don’t pick the answer that def makes sense for why something happens but what Is an alternative response for why something happened.
HOWEVER, you should NEVER go with the answer that has no evidence support from passage or goes beyond scope
willful
stubborn with choice
when it says author is going to critique or that the author will critique
pick an ans choice that will say something bad, never good
munificient
of a gift or sum of money) larger or more generous than is usual or necessary.
trammel
hinder
illuminate
shed light on
if u know the ans response should be an neg
cross out anything that is pos or neutral
novice
a person new to or inexperienced in a field or situation.
OPP OF EXPERT
what is the 19th century
1800s
merely
only
orthodox
(of a person or their views, especially religious or political ones, or other beliefs or practices) conforming to what is generally or traditionally accepted as right or true; established and approved.
follows tradition
precarious
not securely held or in position; dangerously likely to fall or collapse.
uncertain
presumptious
When someone takes liberties, doing things too boldly, you can describe them with the adjective presumptuous
It means taking for granted your access to someone or power to do something.
when answering questions about the author statements, interpretations, and undermine//agree what should u always keep in mind
authors tone
if he doesn’t like something and u r asked to find ans that explains his statement or use of words, NEVER PICK AN ANS THAGT SHOWS THE OPP FEELING OF WHAT HE IS FEELING LIKE DONT PICK SOMETHING THAT IS POS WHEN HE IS NEG
barter
exchange (goods or services) for other goods or services without using money.
define non assoc learning and what are the two types
organism is repeatedly exposed to one type of stimulus
habitualization and sensitization
dishabituation
occurs when the previously habituated stimulus is removed and u become aware/ not be accustomed
when u hear the stimulus again, u respond more strongly than b4 because you are reintroduced after not hearing it
sensitization
opp of habitualization
respond to the noise or stimulus stronger and can even be more annoying
taste aversion
organism eats specific food and gets nauseous or even sick from eating it and now the SMELL SIGHT OR TASTE makes them not want the food
preventive measures to avoid poisons
primary reinforcers vs secondary reinforcers
primary reinforcers are the ones that we don’t have to learn about to recognize as reinforcers because they are innately so desirable … like food
secondary reinforcers are the ones that we have to learn like a kid getting a stamp everytime he readns new book and then after a while the group of stamps will turn into a pizza prize
reinforcement schedule is uded for what type of approach and what is the two main type of schedule
it is operant bc it enforces rewards or punsihments…
it is intermittent (not giving reward everytime but rather sometimes ) and continuous
fixed ratio schedule
after a certain number of times, it will get treat
shows high performance effect
variable ratio schedule
provides the reinforcenmnet after a random amount of times
unpredictable but still leads to high performance
fixed interval schedule
provides the reinforcement after a certain amount of constant time and increases gradually…
work harder in morning when boss is coming in
variable interval schedule
provides reinfoecemnt after an inconstistent unpredictable amount of time work harder when boss is walking around constantly
takes a little more time but a little more response than fixed interval
interval vs ratio
interval is after a certain amount of time and slower rate of extinction whereas the ratio is after a certain amount of reinforcements that were already introduced
insight vs latent learning
insight is when u use 2 or more learned things and combine them to acvhieve something
like baby crawling and knowing how to crasp something to get his toy from under the bed
latent is when u learn something indirectly… doesn’t have to be a neg all the time
consolidation
getting new info -> short term -> long term
long term potentiation
causes increase in synaptic strength bc of more sensitivity, less prompting to fire the signal to realease neurotransmitter but even more receptors to respond
anecdote
a short amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person.
adherence
attachment or commitment to a person, cause, or belief.
butress
reinforce as a support or defense
when it comes to this question:
Based on information in the passage, the author would likely most support which of the following?
u should avoid what ans choices
the ones that the author never addressed or gave emphasis to b/c he would feel indifferent if given more info about it
preclude
prevent from happening; make impossible
connotative language
when the author uses words to describe his feelings or actions about something …. like evil, valuable, unfortunately…
allegory
As a literary device, an allegory is a narrative in which a character, place, or event is used to deliver a broader message about real-world issues and occurrences.
ephemeral
temporarily; short lived
