Career Development

Question 1

trait-and-factor-matching theory

Answer 1

E.G. Williamson est. based on info from Frank Parsons, father of guidance. This theory relies on tests to match traits, aptitude, and interest to a given job.

Question 2

John Holland’s 6 personality & 6 work environment career typology

Answer 2

depicted as a hexagon that has 6 personality types/work environments: realistic (dog walker, machine shop worker) investigative (researcher) artistic, social, enterprising, conventional. (RIASEC) A person is given a 3-digit cod such as RIA.

Question 3

Donald Super’s self-concept and developmental stage theory

Answer 3

aka life span or life-space mode, self-concept, career maturity. The life rainbow concept helps ppl think about their role as a child, student, leisure, citizen, worker, spouse, homemaker, parent, and retiree.

Question 4

Anne Roe’s Early Childhood needs-theory

Answer 4

vocational choice is part of personality development. ex: is the person “person-centered”? (teaching)

Question 5

John Krumboltz’s learning theory of career counseling

Answer 5

4 factors to simplify career development:
1. genes
2. environment
3. learning experience
4. task approach to skills (problem solving, emotion, and cog.)

Question 6

Ginzberg Group (est. by an economist, psychiatrist, sociologist, and psychologist)

Answer 6

1st developmental approach to occupational choice.
1. 11 and under (fantasy)
2. 11 to 17 (tentative)
3. 17 to early adulthood (realistic)

Question 7

Mark Savicka’s career construction post modern theory

Answer 7

work is rooted in narrative therapy where a client’s life is viewed as a story they have created and the intervention is to re-author their story

Question 8

social cognitive counseling theory

Answer 8

focus on ppl’s beliefs and impacts career choice

Question 9

Linda Gottfredson’s theory of cicumscription and compromise

Answer 9

Phase 1: rule out jobs not fit got center gender, stereotypes, and social class.
Phase 2: change mind if career is not realistic. devpt approach takes childhood into account.E

Question 10

Edgar H. Schein’s 8 career anchors theory

Answer 10

career anchors manifest 5-10 years after person begins work and guide to future job options. Based on self-concept, skill.
1. autonomy/independence 2. secure/stable 3. technical/ functional competence 4. gen. managerial competence 5. entrepreneurial 6. dedicated to cause 7. pure challenge 8. lifestyle

Question 11

what has been emphasized since the begining of counseling and guidance and are still big concerns?

Answer 11

lifestyle & career development

Question 12

glass ceiling phenomenon

Answer 12

women are limited in how far they can advance in the world of work. (this can also impact LGBT)

Question 13

Victor’s Vroom’s management & expectancy theory relevant to workers

Answer 13

1. work is motivated by reward/valance
2. expectancy/ capability
3. instrumentality

Question 14

vocational guidance

Answer 14

developmental and educational processes in the school system

Question 15

career counseling

Answer 15

therapeutic service for adults outside of the educational system

Question 16

when career counseling says “leisure” they mean

Answer 16

time client has away from work
-avocation (hobbies)

Question 17

what is true about dual-income/career families

Answer 17

less leisure time

Question 18

trait-and-factor approach

Answer 18

attempts to match the worker with the environment/ job factors. Assumption is that there is one best career per person.

Question 19

Most common career theories are based on

Answer 19

middle to upper class white males.

Question 20

trait-and-factor career counseling, actuarial, or matching approach is assoc. with

Answer 20

Parsons and Williamson. (theory assumes one’s traits can be measured accurately so that they choice of a job is a one-time life. computer career guidance uses this)

Question 21

computer-assisted career guidance (CACG)

Answer 21

1. screen the client
2. pros and cons of online system
3. follow up

Question 22

Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT)

Answer 22

20000 job titles listed BUT now O*NET has replaced it

Question 23

Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH)

Answer 23

gives trends of jobs with future salaries online

Question 24

what is the name of the book Richard Bolles wrote about job hunting?

Answer 24

what coloring is your parachute?

Question 25

true or false: 80% of all jobs are not advertised so ppl need to network

Answer 25

true, hidden job market

Question 26

central tendency bias

Answer 26

supervisor rates employees all as average

Question 27

what is known about interest inventories and work

Answer 27

interest inventories do not predict job success but predict job satisfaction