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HUBS192 > Cardiovascular system and anatomy of the heart > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system and anatomy of the heart Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the cardiovascular system

A

Organs
- Heart
- Arteries
- Veins
- Capillaries
- Lymphatic system

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2
Q

What are organs made of

A

Vascular tissue i.e connective and cells
the Cells are made of epithelia and muscle

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3
Q

Heart…

A

Is the the pump

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4
Q

Arteries

A

Carry pressurized blood away from the heart

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5
Q

Capillaries

A

Facilitate the exchange of nutrients between tissues and is the reason why the system exists

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6
Q

Veins

A

Take deoxygenated and nutrient exhausted blood back to heart

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7
Q

Lymphatic

A

Where the fluid from the blood is drained and then redrained (idk a word for this)

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8
Q

Blood vascular system

A

A continuous system i.e a closed supply and drainage system

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9
Q

Lymphatic system

A

A one way system i.e an open -entry drainage system
It drains the fluid that scapes the caps, joins larger vessels and reunites with the blood again in the heart

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10
Q

Structure of the lymphatic system

A

Porous set of capillaries that surround the blood caps that drains fluid and redrains it to prevent the tissues from swelling up

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11
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Deox blood from RHS –> lungs –> reox –> LHS

Lymphatic system also drains on RHS and rejoins with veins on RHS of heart

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12
Q

Systemic circulation

A

LHS –> to the body tissues where Gas exchange occurs –> RHS

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13
Q

What is the only supply path?

A

Arteries

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14
Q

Why are major arteries situated deeply?

A

A is v pressurised so situated deep in the trunk, back of knee, flexor aspects of limbs, to protect them

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15
Q

Why do major structures have more than one supply?

A

eg the head has 4 so that if one is compromised, the others will continue the supply

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16
Q

What are the 3 degrees of the exchange network aka capillaries?

A

Capillaries of varying degrees of permeability
* Continuous (controlled ~ tight)
* Fenestrated (leaky)
* Sinusoidal (very leaky)

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17
Q

Why are there diff degrees of leakyness

A

Depends on how the tissue wants to manage its supply by changing the lining of the epitheleum

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18
Q

Where is the pressure the highest?

A

The supply path i.e the arteries

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19
Q

Where does the pressure and velocity first drop for a good exchange?

A

The capillaries

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20
Q

Where is the pressure the lowest and the CSA twice that of the arteries?

A

In the drainage system

21
Q

Drainage system

A
  • Deep veins
  • Superficial veins
  • Lymphatic system
22
Q

Deep veins

A

Run alongside the supply arteries and is also deep, runs in the opp direction

23
Q

Superficial veins

A

Eg the hands, big veins with low pressure so no risk of bleeding out if cut
The hands have small arteries

24
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Captures any fluid that leaves the caps and redrains it

25
Q

Shape of the heart

A

A blunt cone

26
Q

What is the broad end of the heart called?

A

The base

27
Q

What is the pointed end of the heart called?

A

The Apex

28
Q

Where does the heart lie?

A

In the midiastinum (cavity between the two pleural cavities)

29
Q

Size of the heart

A

Loosely closed fist on the sternum

30
Q

Where is the base of the heart

A

At the 2nd/3rd rib

31
Q

Where is the Apex

A

In the intercostal space between the 5th and 6th rib after going to the midclavicular line

32
Q

Where is the heart the loudest?

A

At the Apex peak, can also see the heart moving and pushed fully against the chest wall in a lean individual

33
Q

Position of heart from a transverse slice

A
  • 2/3 to the left from the midline
  • Pushed against the pleural cavity
  • Base is tilted posteriorly to the left
  • Apex points anteriorly
34
Q

Right pump

A

From systemic circuit –> right atrium (receiving space of deox blood) –> right ventricle –> pulm circuit

35
Q

Left pump

A

From pulm circuit –> left atrium (receiving space of ox blood) –> left ventricle –> systemic circuit

36
Q

How does deox blood travel?

A
  • Superior vena cava - from head, upper limbs, chest, neck
  • Inferior vena cava - Below the diaphragm
  • Coronary sinus brings blood that supplies the heat itself
  • Right atrium –> tricuspid valve –> right ventricle –> pulmonary valve –> pulmonary artery
37
Q

How does ox blood travel?

A

Left and right pulm veins + 2 more veins (4 pulm veins in total) –> valve –> left atrium –> bicuspid valve –> left ventricle –> Aorta

38
Q

The atria are…

A

Thin walled as they do not do a lot of work, just receive the blood

39
Q

3 layers of the heart

A

Endo
Myo
Epi cardium

40
Q

What is the pericardium

A

Around the heart, a bag of connective + epithelial tissue

41
Q

What is the function of the pericardium

A
  • Provide an oily surface that the heart beats againts i.e lubricated to prevent abraision
  • Protects from external injury
42
Q

What does the endocardium consist of

A
  • Squamous epithelium (endothelium)
  • Loose irregular fibrous connective tissue (FCT)
  • (small) Blood vessels
  • Purkinje fibres
43
Q

What does endothelium do?

A

-Lines all structures of the cadiovas system
- Prevents the blood from hitting tissues and clotting i.e it provides a smooth surface

44
Q

What are Purkinje fibres

A

Electrical pathways of the heart (NOT nervous tissue)

45
Q

Diff in myocardial thickness

A

Left is 1.5cm - thicker to pump the blood around the body
Right is 0.5cm - to pump blood to the lungs

46
Q

Parts of the epicardium

A
  • Visceral serous pericardium i.e part of both epi + peri
  • Blood vessels
  • loose regular FCT, adipose tissue
47
Q

How does the percardium form

A

During embryo development, serous mem is formed around the heart

  • Like a balloon, the mem adhering to the heart is the visceral mem and to the cavity is the parietal mem, connected to fibrous pericardium like a tough leathery bag
  • the space in between is the pericardium cavity with pericardial fluid
48
Q

What does the loose Irregular FCT do

A

Scaffold for the blood vessels to run through in the epicardium

49
Q

What is the fibrous pericardium

A

A tough leathery bag that is thin but v strong and made of lots of collagen

HUBS192 (21 decks)

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