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HUBS192 > Arteries and Veins > Flashcards

Arteries and Veins Flashcards

1
Q

What is the end of the aorta?

A

Abdominal Aorta

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2
Q

Common illiac artery

A

Right and left, runs vertically down the pelvic bowl
- Branches into internal + external illiac

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3
Q

Internal illiac supplys

A

Butt

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4
Q

External illiac runs under

A

Inguinal ligament

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5
Q

External illiac becomes –> from groin

A

Femoral artery

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6
Q

The femoral artery runs to the back to become

A

Popliteal artery

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7
Q

Popliteal –>

A

Posterior tibial artery

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8
Q

The pos tib artery runs

A

Down to the sole of the foot and supplies the plantar arch

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9
Q

What is the lower limb drainage pathway (deep)

A

Next to supply arteries, same names

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10
Q

A vein that is superficial, runs from ankle to the groin

A

Great Saphenous vein

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11
Q

Great Saphenous Vein and the femoral vein join at

A

Sapheno-femoral junction and goes deep as approaching the trunk

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12
Q

Layers of blood vessels

A

Tunica:
- Intima
- Media
- Adventitia (externa)

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13
Q

Tunica intima

A

*Endothelium - A simple squamous epithelium which lines the lumen of all vessels.
*Sub-endothelium - A sparse pad of loose FCT cushioning the endothelium.
*Internal Elastic Lamina (IEL)- a condensed sheet of elastic tissue, rubbery protein layer. The IEL is well developed in arteries
and less developed in veins. Barrier between this and tunica media

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14
Q

Tunica media, the largest layer

A
  • Involuntary Smooth muscle
  • A variable content of connective tissue fibres - mainly elastin and collagen.
  • Thickness of the media is proportional to both
    vessel diameter and blood pressure.
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15
Q

Tunica Adventitia

A
  • Rich in Loose FCT with a high content of collagen and variable
    amount of elastin (amount of elastin depends on recoil)
  • In larger vessels, the adventitia contains the vasa vasorum.
  • Lymphatics and autonomic (sum and para for smooth vasocon + di) nerves are also found in this
    region.
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16
Q

What is the vaso vasorum

A

Network of capillaries that run through the adventitia to supply Larger blood vessels as they are also organs

17
Q

How is the spindle smooth muscle orientated in the blood vessel

A

Circumferentially

18
Q

Thoracic aorta

A

Branches in the thoracic cavity

19
Q

Abdominal Aorta

A

As it runs past the diaphragm

20
Q

Why is thoracic Aorta elastic

A

Pulsatile systole and diastole
- Need smooth flow so have lot of elastin to absorb the force of the blood when ventricles push it through and then recoil to push the blood back
- P helps to close the semilun valves
- Lots of elastin found

21
Q

Why is the femoral artery muscular

A

Primarily smooth muscle
- Diameter that optimises the fow of blood by altering it (vasocon/di)

22
Q

What happens at the caps

A

P drops

23
Q

Veins –> venules –> Vena cavae

A

Blood is not repressurised and travles at low P for a large volume

24
Q

Function of the Arteriole

A

Determines the resistance of the circulation i.e determines blood pressure

25
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Site of exchange between blood
and tissues

26
Q

Smallest veins

A
  • 1st part of the venous drainage - venules
27
Q

What do veins have to prevent backflow of blood

A

Valves

28
Q

Why does blood flow backwards in veins

A

Due to the low BP

29
Q

Functions of veins

A
  • Low pressure, large volume transport system
  • One-way (unidirectional) flow
  • Capacitance vessels i.e can hold extra blood volume if needed
30
Q

Structure of the veins

A

Irregular, flattened shape with large lumen & thin wall, the walls collapse on itself thats why its irregular
Have spare capacity (can take up extra blood
volume) = capacitance vessels as there is pooling of blood in the veins of legs due to g.

  1. Intima
  2. Media -Much thinner than arteries as it reflects the P in them - a few layers of
    smooth muscle (often in two distinct layers) eg vena cava but not as big as arteries
  3. Adventitia -Often the thickest layer of a vein, while Media is for arteries
31
Q

Why is the adventitia the largest layer in a vein

A

Because of the cap factor, ad at some point dont need to carry excess blood so connective tissue in Adventitia determines this i.e the collagen fibres

32
Q

Why two pos tibial veins?

A

As the pos tibial artery pumps a high blood V and high P, but veins needs to take back the same volume of blood but can only do so under low P so need more CSA i.e more veins to take it back

33
Q

What is a neurovas bundle?

A

Nerves that run closely with arteries and veins

34
Q

How to know if a vein is superficial or deep

A

Deep is surrounded by skeletal muscle

35
Q

What do the valves do?

A

Valves break up the pressure

36
Q

What happens during varicose veins

A

Veins dilate and the leaflets dont elongate so the blood just falls back down

HUBS192 (21 decks)

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