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HUBS192 > Basic structure of GI > Flashcards

Basic structure of GI Flashcards

1
Q

Role of the GI tract

A

Bring nutrients/water into internal
environment to be used by the body

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2
Q

Roles of the GI tract

A
  • Motility
  • Secretion
  • Digestion
  • Absorption
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3
Q

Motility

A

Transport food into & through the body, mixing luminal contents, and transport waste out

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4
Q

Secretion

A

Synthesise and release enzymes,
mucus & serous fluid into the lumen

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5
Q

Digestion

A

Break nutrients into smaller pieces
(mechanically and chemically)

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6
Q

Absorption

A

Bring nutrients/water from the lumen to
internal environment

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7
Q

Why does the GI tract have different areas and how are they seperated?

A

They have different functions and they are seperated by Sphincters

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8
Q

Components of the main tube

A

Oral cavity –> pharynx –> eso –> stomach –> SI –> LI –> Anus

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9
Q

What are the outgrowths of the main tube called

A

The accessory structures

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10
Q

Where are the different sphincters

A

*Mouth
*Base of eso to control flow into stomach + prevent backflow
* Stomach and SI to control flow
*Between SI and LI
* 2 in the anus to control defecation

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11
Q

Type of epithelia in the Moth/oral cavity, pharynx and eso + their function

A

Stratified squamous epithelia

  • protection from abrasion
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12
Q

Type of epithelia in the Stomach, SI and LI + their function

A

Simple columnar epithelia

  • Secretion and absorption
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13
Q

Type of epithelia in the Anus + their function

A

Stratified squamous

  • Protection from abrasion
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14
Q

Why does the middle of the tract have different type of epithelia?

A
  • The contents are more watery so dont have to worry about abrasion
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15
Q

Unicellular glands

A
  • Columnar/Goblet shape
  • Secretes mucus onto the apical surface
  • Basal nucleus
  • Function is to lubricate the lumen and provide a barrier
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16
Q

Multicellular glands

A

Epithelium can invaginate to form glands:
* Simple
* Compound

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17
Q

Simple multicellular glands

A

Gland with single duct (e.g. stomach and small intestine)

18
Q

Compound multicellular glands

A

Gland with 2 or more ducts (e.g. salivary glands)

19
Q

4 layers of the gut tube

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis (externa/proper)
  4. Adventitia
20
Q

Components of the mucosa

A
  • Epithelium connected to
  • Basement membrane attatched to
  • Lamina propria (made of FCT)
  • Muscularis mucosae
21
Q

What can be found in the Lamina Propria

A

Blood vessels lymphatics and sometimes glands

22
Q

What does the Muscularis mucosae do

A

Band of smooth muscle that moves the mucosa

23
Q

Components of the submucosa

A
  • Predom FCT
  • Glands
  • Blood vessels
    *Submucosal nerve plexus
24
Q

What does the Submucosal nerve plexus do?

A

Network of nerves that are part of the enteric system, controls the secretion of the glands

25
Q

The muscularis
(externa/proper) components + functions

A

*Made of smooth muscle
*Has two layers: inner circular arrangement and outer longitdinal arrangement
*Myenteric plexus (Part of ENS)
- Located between muscle layers and regulates motility

26
Q

The Adventitia

A

*Outermost layer
*Mostly FCT
*Supports and sometimes anchors to other organs

27
Q

What happens in the oral cavity + mouth

A

Digestion begins
* Mechanical through the teeth
* Chemical– requires
enzymes
* Lubrication needed
* Passes through fauces, into
oropharynx &
laryngopharynx then into
esophagus

28
Q

How is the oral cavity lubricated

A

Through salivary glands –> secretes watery serous fluid and mucus

29
Q

Chemical that digests carbs

A

Amylase

30
Q

Features of the salivary glands

A

3 pairs:
- Parotid glands
- Sublingual glands
-Submandibular glands

31
Q

Parotid

A

Parotid glands are beside the ear and secrete watery serous fluid

32
Q

Sublingual

A

secrete mucus, found underneath the tongue

33
Q

Submandibular

A

found on the side of jaw, secretes both, opening at the bottom of the tongue, helps move food around when chewing

34
Q

Salivary glands have…

A

Multiple ductsW

35
Q

What is an acinus

A

cluster of cells connected to ducts that can secrete
* Serous fluid & enzymes
(amylase)
* mucus

36
Q

What do the ducts do

A
  • transport the fluids secreted by acinus to the surface
  • Also the cells secretes bicarbonate to act as a pH buffer as it is very basic
37
Q

Features of the eso

A
  • Long tube (~25cm) that carries food from mouth to stomach
  • Located posterior
    to the trachea, extends from
    pharynx to stomach
  • Epiglottis ensures
    that food enters the
    esophagus, and
    not the trachea
38
Q

How is the epiglottis activated?

A

The tongue pushes back and puts pressure on the epi

39
Q

How is the eso modified

A
  • First 1/3: skeletal muscle to have concious control
  • Middle 1/3: a mixture
  • Last 1/3: smooth muscle

Highly folded submucosa and
mucosa that flattens and unflods to allow food to pass

40
Q

Mucus around the eso

A
  • Stratified squamous
    epithelium
  • Need mucus for
    lubrication and
    protection
  • No goblet cells,
    instead have glands
    with ducts to
    surface
  • In submucosa
  • Plus in mucosa
    close to stomach

HUBS192 (21 decks)

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