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HUBS192 > Anatomy of the skin - Part 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy of the skin - Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How much does the skin make of the total human body weight?

A

16% with a 1.5-2mˆ2 SA

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2
Q

What makes our skin unique?

A

We lost our hair through evolution as our skin was open to the savannahs we became bare and as we began to run, it became sweaty to cool our skin down

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3
Q

How does sweating allow us to lose heat

A

Our muscles generate heat from movement and sweat evaporates the heat from our skin

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4
Q

Why is the skin our first line of barrier?

A

It protects our internal organs and underlying tissues from the environment

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5
Q

What does the keratin in our skin do?

A

Protects against abrasion and acts as a water repellent

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6
Q

What pigments our skin and protects it prom UV radiation?

A

Melanin

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7
Q

Where are lipids stored in the skin?

A

In the adipocytes in the dermis and adipose tissue in the subcutaneous layer

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8
Q

How does the skin help us make sense of the world around us?

A

Through touch, pressure, pain and relaying info to the brain

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9
Q

Why is skin a composite organ?

A

Made of all 4 tissue types

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10
Q

3 layers of the skin

A

-Epidermis
- Dermis
- Hypodermis

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11
Q

Epidermis features

A
  • A stratified barrier
  • Made of keratinocytes
  • Avascular
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12
Q

Dermis features

A
  • Provides strength to skin through collagen and elastin
  • Vascular
  • Split into papillary and reticular layer
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13
Q

Cutaneous layer

A

Epi + dermis

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14
Q

Hypodermis features

A
  • Fat reserve
  • Made of adipocytes that make fat
  • Subcutaneous layer
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15
Q

What is epidermis predom made of?

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelial tissue

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16
Q

What is squamous meaning

A

Scaly and flattened

17
Q

How many layers of epidermis?

A

4 - 5 layers
- Thin skin
- Thick skin

18
Q

What is the epidermis of the thin skin made of?

A

4 layers from outer to inner
- Stratum corneum - spikey layer
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum Basale

19
Q

Stratum layer

A
  • Exists purely to form a barrier
  • Spiky layer
  • Dead, dried out without a nucleus, flat
20
Q

Granulosum

A
  • Granules dehydrates the cells and push them up
  • Crosslinked by the keratin fibres, cells are held together
  • Gaps filled by a waxy substance to prevent any leakage
21
Q

Spinosum

A

-Intracellular bridges i.e desmosomes, links cells within the dermis
- Where the flattening starts

22
Q

Basale

A
  • STEM cells, columnar regenerative cells
  • Cells divide and daughter cells migrate upwards and dehydrate and flatten along the way
23
Q

The only dead layer of the thin skin is…

A

The corneum

24
Q

Hemidesmosome

A

Attaches the stratum Basale to the Dermis layer, prevents layers from sliding off

25
Q

Thick skin

A
  • Extra layer stratum lucidum so 5 layers
  • No hair
    -Below stratum corneum and above granulosum
  • Come Lets Get Some Burgers
26
Q

Dermis features

A
  • Does not shed
  • Two layers: Papillary and reticular
27
Q

Dermis features

A
  • Does not shed
28
Q

Papillary layer

A

Pokes the epidermal ridges, close to the dermal papilla
- Highly vascularised layer that nourishes pap layer and basale layer

29
Q

Retucular

A
  • Mesh like structure
    -Collagen, elastin + blood vessels, lymphatic and nerves
  • Gives strength to the skin
30
Q

Plexus

A

A network of nerves, bloodvessels or both

31
Q

Cutaneous plexus

A
  • Present at hypo/dermis (reticular layer) junction
  • Bigger blood vessels that supply nutrients to hypo, deeper part of dermis, hair follicles and sweat glands
32
Q

Subpap

A
  • Above cutaneous, branches from it
  • Below pap
  • Provides nutrients to upper dermis and epidermal layers
33
Q

Hypo

A
  • Subcut layer
  • Dominated by adipocytes aka subcut fat that is used in fasting and insulation
  • Common site of injection i.e hypo/subcut injections
34
Q

1º burns

A
  • Outer layers of epidermis
  • Redness aka erythema, dry and painful
  • No blisters eg most sunburns
  • Skin still has a barrier of repelling water
35
Q

2º burns

A

1st type: both epi and some layers of dermis
- Blisters and moist
- Pusy and red
- Heals in 1-2 weeks

2nd type: Epi + deeper layers
- Whitish, waxy areas
- Hair follicles and sweat glands remain intact
- Heals in a month
- Some loss of sensation and scarring

36
Q

3º burn

A

aka a full thickness burn
- extends into the subcutaneous and may affect bone and tissue
- Varied color from waxy white
through to deep red or black
* Hard, dry and leathery skin
* No pain in these areas as
sensory nerve endings
destroyed
* May require skin grafting
* Weeks to regenerate + scarring

37
Q

Where are the desmosomes most prominent

A

Spinosum

38
Q

Where are desmosomes found

A

All throughout the epidermis

39
Q

Where do desmosomes lose there holding strength?

A

In the granulosum layer so the cross linking of keratin holds it together

HUBS192 (21 decks)

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