Cardiovascular System Flashcards
closed circulatory system because the fluid contents are pumped from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart
includes the study of the muscular heart, blood vessels, and blood
transport gases, nutrients and wastes throughout body
cardiovascular system
a fist-sized cone-shaped muscular organ located in the pericardial cavity in the anterior portion of the mediastinum between the lungs
the heart
where the heart is housed btw the lungs
mediastinum
each contain a lung
pleural cavities
a thick, tough sac that encloses the heart
protects and anchors the heart ot the diaphragm
inner and outer layers of covered by smooth endothelium
special fluid lubricates the layers to reduce friction
pericardium
bulk of the heart made of cardiac muscle which contracts
muscle fibers are highly branched and attached by colagen connective tissue fibers to link all heart parts together
myocardium (Think muscle)
a white sheet of endothelium that lines the heart
is continuous w/ the blood vessel linings
endocardium
divides the heart into 2 right and 2 left chambers by this partition
septum
two upper receiving chambers
smaller than and not as muscular as the ventricles
must force blood through vessels to distant parts of the body
atria
two-lower pumping (sending) chambers
ventricles
shallow depression on the septum separating the atria
marks the place of an opening btw atria present in all developing fetususe
this allows fetal blood to move from right to left atrium, bypassing lungs
fossa ovalis
controls the flow leaving the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk
pulmonary valve
controls the flow of blood out of the left ventricle into the aorta
stronger than pulmonary valve b/c of the increased BP to send blood throughout the body
aortic valve
controls the flow of blood from the left atrium into the left ventricle
mitral (Bicuspid) valve
controls the flow of blood from the right atrium into the right ventricle.
tricuspid valve
three types of blood vessels used to transport the blood throughout the body
arteries, veins and capilaries
afferent blood vessel bringing deoxgenated blood back to heart (except pulmonary veins)
thinner-walled vessels that are under less pressure from the heart
do not have pulses
have internal valves that open toward hear and close at the end of a heart beat
have compliance (Stretch w/ little recoil) which makes the m have the largeset amount of blood in cardiovascular system
veins
efferent blood vessel that carry blood away from heart
Carry oxygenated blood (Expect pulmonary arteries)
elastic, thick-walled vessels that can expand and contract =
arteries
exchange materials w/ tissues
The branching of arterioles causes formation of even narrower tube
interconnected to form capillary beds to perform exhange of materials
capillaries
are small arteries that constrict and dilate from muscles controlled by parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems to control BP
responsible for providing differeing levels of BP (peripheral resistance)
arterioles
the opening in the center of a vessel
the lumen
3 layers of arteries and veins
tunica externa, tunica media, and tunica intima
the most superficial layer of a vessel, which helps to anchor the vessel to the surrounding structures.
tunica externa (Adventitia)
the middle muscular layer of a vessel has an external elastic membrane, a layer of smooth muscle, and a layer of internal elastic membrane
tunica media
ayer of a vessel contains a layer of subendothelial tissue and a layer of endothelium.
tunica intima
The blood is collected from the capillary beds by these small veins
maj join to form a vein that returns to heart
venules
runs toward the left side of the heart and divides into the anterior interventricular branch and the circumflex branch
supply oxygen rich blood to heart
left coronary artery
supplies blood to both ventricles
anterior interventricular branch
supplies the left atrium and left ventricle
circumflex branch
arise from the base of the aorta and supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart tissues
runs toward the right side of the heart and divides into the posterior interventricular artery and the marginal artery
right coronary artery
supply the right atrium and right ventricle
marginal artery
is the first branch off the aortic arch
supples blood to the right arm and neck
brachiocephalic trunk
known as the cerebral arterial circule
providing alternate circulation in case one of the arteries becomes blocked
is important because neurons must be continuously supplied with oxygen or they will die within minutes
Circle of Willis
are small biconcave disks that carry oxygen
4 million to 6 million red blood cells per 1.0 mm3 of whole blood
mature ones become anucleate (no nucleus) in order to synthesisze hemoglobin before released into blood
live for about 120 and destroyed in liver and spleen
RBC (erythrocytes)
contains iron that combines loosely with oxygen, helping to carry oxygen in the blood
is released when RBC are destroyed so the iron can be recylced and returned ot red bone marrow
hemoglobin
also called leukocytes
They are larger, have a relatively large nucleus, and lack hemoglobin.
WBC
occurs when microorgansims enter body due to an injury b/c there is swelling and reddenng at site
inflammatory response
3 groups of WBC?
granulocytes, agranulocytes and lymphocytes
have granules
incldue netrophils, eosinophils and basophils
capable of phagocytosis
granulocytes
inclyde T and B cells
lymphocytes
dont have granules
agranulocytes
are involved in the process of blood clotting, or coagulation
not true cells, but fragments of bone marrow called megakaryocte
help stop blood bleedinb by sticking to edges of a wound
platelets (thrombocytes)
mechanism of a series of events that stop the blood from clotting that is signaled by platelets
coagulation cascade
a clotting factor released by injured tissues and platelets
converts prothrombin to thrombin
prothrombin activator