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Body Systems > Cardiovascular strand: Lecture 5 - blood vessels > Flashcards

Cardiovascular strand: Lecture 5 - blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Name 15 conditions that diseases of blood vessels can present?

A

-myocardial infarction -aneurysm -collapse -hypertension -peripheral arterial disease -amputation -gangrene -ulcers -claudication -skin rash -headache -blindness -renal failure -TIA -stroke

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2
Q

What is the leading cause of death worldwide?

A

Cardiovascular disease 1 death every 4 mins

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3
Q

Whats the difference between arteries and veins?

A

Artery - thicker wall, smaller lumen, rounder appearance Vein - thinner walls, larger lumen, can be squashed

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4
Q

Explain the passage of a RBC through 6 main types of blood vessels

A

-elastic artery -muscular artery -arterioles -capillaries -venules -veins

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5
Q

Explain the structure of the main blood vessel types

A
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6
Q

What are the 4 layers of veins and arteries?

A

from outside to in: -tunica externa -tunica media -tunica intima -endothelium

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7
Q

What are the differences in structure of a muscular artery and an elastic artery?

A

-muscular artery has smaller lumen -muscular artery has thicker tunica media

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8
Q

What is endocarditis?

A

Endocardium disease characterized by inflammation of the endocardium of the heart chambers

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9
Q

What is the function of the endothelium?

A

-blood pressure regulation -regeneration and repair

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of veins?

A

-3 layers -no elastic laminar -thin muscular wall -large diameter -low resistance -has valves to prevent back flow (compresses veins) -act as a reservoir of blood

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11
Q

What are varicose veins?

A
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12
Q

Compare the features of the tunica intima, tunica media and tunica externa in arteries and veins

A

slide 12

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13
Q

What is the capillary wall formed from?

A

epithelia cells and basement membrane

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14
Q

How do RBCs fit through capillaries?

A

They deform so they can fit - single file flow

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15
Q

What are the 3 types of capillaries?

A
  1. Continuous 2. Fenestrated 3. Sinusoid
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16
Q

Why are continuous capillaries most common?

A

-found in most tissues -water/ions/small molecules can pass intracellular cleft -forms basis of blood brain barrier

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17
Q

Where are fenestrated capillaries found?

A

-small intestine -kidney -endocrine organs: pituitary releasing thyroxine or GH (for anything that needs to get in and out easily)

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18
Q

Where are sinusoid capillaries found?

A

-liver -spleen/bone marrow -lymph nodes

19
Q

What are sinusoid capillaries for?

A

for specialised things -allows large molecules to pass like plasma / proteins

20
Q

What is Virchow’s triad?

A
21
Q

What is frictionless flow?

A

No resistance exerted on blood

22
Q

What is laminar flow?

A

Most efficient way of blood flow

23
Q

What is turbulent flow?

A

-mixing of blood -different direction -noisy blood flow -can cause fibrosis -must be turbulent blood flow to take blood pressure

24
Q

Is blood flow faster in the centre or walls of vessels?

A

Centre - all blood for in layers, without mixing and touching each other

25
Q

What is systemic arterial blood pressure?

A

Blood pressure

26
Q

What is resistance factors?

A

Anything that slows blood flow

27
Q

Explain the measurements when taking blood pressure e.g x/y

A

x- systolic pressure (bigger and higher number) - blood ejected during ventricular contraction y- (lower number)

28
Q

What is MAP?

A

Mean arterial pressure - the average pressure of the arteries/tissues approximated by diastolic pressure + one third of pulse pressure slide 17

29
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

Pulse pressure is the (higher) systolic blood pressure minus the (lower) diastolic blood pressure

30
Q

What are the 5 factors that effect blood flow?

A
  1. Cardiac output 2. Compliance - Ability for any compartment to expand or increase content e.g a balloon is very compliant 3. Volume of blood 4. Viscosity of the blood 5. blood vessel length and diameter
31
Q

What is Poiseuille’s law? When is it applicable?

A

Describes only laminar flow (not turbulent)

32
Q

What does Poiseuille’s law tell us about the relationship between flow and viscosity?

A

They are inversely proportional (thicker blood = more resistant)

33
Q

What does Poiseuille’s law tell us about the relationship between length of vessel and resistance?

A

directly proportional longer = more resistance

34
Q

Explain how av BP, velocity of blood flow, vessel diameter and total cross-sectional area varies across different flood vessels

A
35
Q

Explain how homeostasis is restored when blood flow changes

A
36
Q

What is a sphincter?

A

an annular muscle surrounding and able to contract or close a bodily opening.

37
Q

Give 4 age related changes to blood vessels?

A

-fibrous thickening of intima -fibrosis and scarring of media -accumulation of ground substance -fragmentation of elastic lamina

38
Q

What is arteriosclerosis?

A

-where arteries are flamed or injured -become less compliant -BP and resistance increase -turbulent blood flow -stress to walls -weakens and scars it making it sclerotic -triglycerides get trapped under arteries -WBC and leukocytes come under and form a plaque

39
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

Localised, permanent, abnormal dilation of a blood vessel

40
Q

What is an AAA?

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm- an enlarged area in the lower part of the major vessel that supplies blood to the body (aorta)

41
Q

What are the risk factors for aneurysms?

A

-Age -Sex -Family History -Smoking -Hypertension -Hyperlipideamia

42
Q

What is thrombosis?

A

Lung clots

43
Q

What is vasculitis?

A

inflammation of the blood vessels

Body Systems (24 decks)

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