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Body Systems > Cardiovascular Strand: Lecture 13 - Autonomic Nerves of the Thorax > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Strand: Lecture 13 - Autonomic Nerves of the Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

what protects the spinal chord?

A

our bony vertebral column

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2
Q

How is the verterbral column divided?

A
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3
Q

What is a mixed nerve?

A

Contains sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)

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4
Q

Which nerves do you need to be able to identify? Which is which?

A
  • phrenic nerves (blue nerve in image 1)
  • intercostal nerves
  • vagus nerves (green in image 2)
  • recurrent laryngeal nerve (red in image 2 - branch off vagus nerve)
  • sympathetic chain (red branches in image 3 and 4 on either side of the vertebral column)
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5
Q

What does innervated mean?

A

supplied by nerves

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6
Q

How is the nervous system divided?

A

somatic and autonomic nerves are motor and sensory

image 2 - all impulses emerge from CNS or go to it

Eeverthing in green is CNS, everything in purple is peripheral

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7
Q

What type of control are somaticand autonomic nerves involved in?

A

somatic - concious

autonomic - involuntary

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8
Q

What are sensory fibres in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Pain fibres (nociceptors)

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9
Q

What are sensory fibres in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

autonomic fibres that tell us about the general condition of the viscera (internal organs)

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10
Q

How is our spinal chord organised?

A

It is divided into 31 segments (pairs). At each vertrebral level, there is a pair of spinal nerves

Each segment gives rise to a PAIR of spinal nerves

There are:

8 pairs of cervical spinal nerves

12 pairs of thoracic spinal nerves

5 pairs of lumbar spinal nerves

5 pairs of sacral spinal nerves

1 pair of coccygeal spinal nerve

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11
Q

What are these spinal nerves called within the thorax?

A

Intercostal nerves emerging from the spinal chord, that contain sensory and motor fibres

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12
Q

Label and describe this segment of the spinal chord (a segmental spinal nerve)

A

inner grey matter - contains nuclei/cell bodies

outer white matter - contains axons

D - dorsal

V - ventral

blue lines - dorsal rootlets (contain sensory fibres)

red lines - ventral roots (contain motor fibres)

Dorsal root ganglion: dilated part - where the cell bodies for the dorsal rootlets are

Spinal nerve - dorsal and ventral roots come together - sensory and motor fibres become ensheathed in one nerve

Ventral and dorsal ramus - Outer fibres going towards the dorsal aspect or going to ventral aspect

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13
Q

What is a ganglia?

A

A cell body (nucleus) that is outside the CNS

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14
Q

Describe the two neurone pathway for all autonomic fibres

A

Involves two neurone pathways: pre ganglionic fibre (before cell body crosses synapse) and post ganglionic fibre (after cell body crosses synapse)

This is because cell body leaves CNS and becomes a ganglion

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15
Q

What is the main parasympathetic nerve of the trunk?

A

The vagus nerve

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16
Q

where does the vagus nerve stem from?

A

the medulla in the brain stem

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17
Q

Where do parasympathetic fibres occur/emerge from?

A

ONLY the cranial region and the sacral region

18
Q

What are the relative lengths of pre and post ganglionic fibres?

A

pre-ganglionic fibre is really long - post is much shorter e.g the vagus nerve; pre-ganglion fibre runs all the way to the thorax/heart)

19
Q

Where do the sympathetic fibres emerge from?

A

ONLY the thoracic and lumbar segments (T1 to L2)

20
Q

Where do the sympathetic fibres go when they leave the spinal column?

A

They enter the sympathetic chains and are then distributed to the body

21
Q

is there a two neurone nerve pathway for the sympathetic system aswell?

A

Yes; from the spinal chord (thoarcic and lumbar segments) to the sympathetic chain is the pre ganglionic fibre then heads towards target organ (post ganglion fibre)

22
Q

What is a ramus?

A

branch (in latin)

23
Q

Annotate and explain the top diagram

A

SC - spinal chord segment

T1,T2,T3 - vertebral levels

DV and VR - dorsal and ventral roots: come together to form spinal nerve

2 extra branches are white ramus communicans (white as contains myelin sheath) and grey ramus communicans (dosen’t contain myelin)

red - efferent/motor fibre leaving via ventral route to form the spinal nerve

24
Q

What is occuring in this diagram

A

Autonomic nerves innervating our viscera

Jumps into sympathetic chain via white ramus communican

It then synapses (becomes sympathetic ganglia)

Nerve heading towards heart is called splanchnic nerve and heads towards relevant organs e.g heart to increase force of contraction

It can ascend or descend in the sympathetic chain to get where it needs to be

25
Q

How do fibres reach the body wall?

A

Jump back on spinal nerve and travel to skin etc

26
Q

Draw a diagram to summarise the sympathetic nervous system

A
  1. T1-L2 giving rise to sympathetic nerves
  2. These enter sympathetic chain
  3. They synapse and head towards relevant organs and form plexus (branches) of parasympathetic and sympathetic fibres
27
Q

What are viscera supplied by?

A

autonomic fibres

28
Q

What is this diagram displaying

A

Parasympathetic fibres

29
Q

Divide the spinal chord in order, starting at brain stem

A
  1. Brain stem
  2. Cervical vertebrae
  3. Thoracic vertebrae
  4. Lumbar vertebrae
  5. Sacreal vertebrae
  6. Coccygeal vertebrae
30
Q

Complete this diagram

A
31
Q

What is the nerve at T12 called?

A

Subcostal nerve

32
Q

What is referred pain?

A

CNS gets confused - afferent fibres of the sympathetic fibres are impaired

Pain refers to associated dermatome

Referred pain usually originates in one of the visceral organs but is felt in the skin or sometimes in another area deep inside the body. Referred pain probably occurs because pain signals from the viscera travel along the same neural pathways used by pain signals from the skin.

33
Q

Where does sensory infomation at levels T1-T4 come from?

A

Dermatomes

34
Q

What does herniate mean?

A

To protrude through an abnormal body opening

35
Q

which ventricle is thicker?

A

left

36
Q

What does the vagus nerve provide?

A

Parasympathetic innervation to the plexuses within the thorax

37
Q

Where does the recurrent laryngeal loop under?

A

The aorta

38
Q

Where is the thoracic duct?

A

between the oesphagus and the azygous vein

39
Q

What does the thoracic duct do?

A

Drains all of the lymph from the lower body and empties into the area where the subclavian and jugular vein serve to make the brachiocephalic vein

40
Q

What is a chylothorax?

A

A chylothorax is an accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the space surrounding the lung (pleural space)

Body Systems (24 decks)

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