cardiovascular - lecture 1 Flashcards
what is cvs function
organ system to transport molecules and other substances between cells, tissues and organs
network of pump with pipes
describe the heart
feeding system
pump = push blood through vasculature
irrigate other organs and systems
important for function of other organs and systems - for daily functions
ensure enough pressure and force - get oxygen to every part of body
describe the vasculature
designed to carry out blood - pipes
diff types and sizes
change in size/structure
conductance (respond to systolic/diastolic pressure) vs microcirculation (exchange between blood and extracellular fluid)
describe veins and arteries
arteries = carry away from heart - thicker, muscular, handles pressure
veins = carry blood back to heart
describe the 2 ventricles
one ventricle pumps blood to lungs (oxygen)
one ventricle pumps blood to body (deliver)
describe the blood
nutrients, oxygen, waste
rbcs - erythrocytes
wbc - leukocytes (immunity/inflammation- fight infections)
platelets for coagulation
what does cvs bring
nutrients into body - ex: from intestine to liver
fuel to cells - ex: glucose from liver to brain – glucose break down for energy
what does cvs remove
waste products from cells/body - ex = co2, urea
what does cvs circulate
hormones - ex: adrenaline, aldosterone (water balance), adrenal glands
immune cells and antibodies
what does cvs regulate
pH (lungs and kidneys)
water balance (exercise, dehydration)
thermoregulation (exercise - hyperthermia/hypothermia)
how can cvs function as a transporter
due to diffusion
what is diffusion
movement of molecules from area of high concentration to area with lower concentration
give ex of diffusion example
cardiomyocyte
green fluorescence = oxygen
need to feed them, blood vessel irrigating
on avg one capillary per cardiac myocyte
one cell = component, many in heart
many vessels, less distance so makes sure they are fed
name 5 factors that regulate diffusion
distance
temp
characteristics of solvent
characteristics of molecule
characteristics of barrier
describe distance - regulates diffusion
greater distance
slower diffusion rate
describe temp - regulates diffusion
generally high temp = better diffusion
describe characteristic of the solvent - regulates diffusion
higher density (amount of molecules) = lower diffusion rate
describe characteristics of the molecule - regulate diffusion
higher mass = lower diffusion
albumin = big molecule, do not want to see in kidney, if pass through = bad
describe characteristics of the barrier - regulate diffusion
cell membrane - affinity, surface, area size and thickness
describe ficks law
flux of gas = membrane diffusing capacity x pressure gradient across membrane
area/thickness x solubility/sqrtMW x (P1-P2)
P1-P2 = concentration difference
what happens to diffusion when area of membrane increased
increase area = increase diffusion
what happens to diffusion when thickness of membrane increased
increase thickness = decrease diffusion
what happens to diffusion when solubility of gas increased
increase solubility = increase diffusion
what happens to diffusion when molecular weight of gas decreased
decrease mw = increase diffusion
what happens to diffusion when pressure gradient increased
increase pressure gradient = increase diffusion
describe o2 diffusing into blood
diffuse into blood
blood poor in o2 so blood diffuses from area to blood
thin line = membrane = o2 can pass through and binds to rbcs
hb binds o2 and allows rbcs to hold on to it
can make gas exchanges
describe fibrosis
mass production of ecm like collagen - layer overproduced = air is thicker and sold membrane thicker = decrease o2 exchange
