cardiovascular - lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is cvs function

A

organ system to transport molecules and other substances between cells, tissues and organs
network of pump with pipes

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2
Q

describe the heart

A

feeding system
pump = push blood through vasculature
irrigate other organs and systems
important for function of other organs and systems - for daily functions
ensure enough pressure and force - get oxygen to every part of body

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3
Q

describe the vasculature

A

designed to carry out blood - pipes
diff types and sizes
change in size/structure
conductance (respond to systolic/diastolic pressure) vs microcirculation (exchange between blood and extracellular fluid)

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4
Q

describe veins and arteries

A

arteries = carry away from heart - thicker, muscular, handles pressure
veins = carry blood back to heart

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5
Q

describe the 2 ventricles

A

one ventricle pumps blood to lungs (oxygen)
one ventricle pumps blood to body (deliver)

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6
Q

describe the blood

A

nutrients, oxygen, waste
rbcs - erythrocytes
wbc - leukocytes (immunity/inflammation- fight infections)
platelets for coagulation

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7
Q

what does cvs bring

A

nutrients into body - ex: from intestine to liver
fuel to cells - ex: glucose from liver to brain – glucose break down for energy

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8
Q

what does cvs remove

A

waste products from cells/body - ex = co2, urea

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9
Q

what does cvs circulate

A

hormones - ex: adrenaline, aldosterone (water balance), adrenal glands
immune cells and antibodies

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10
Q

what does cvs regulate

A

pH (lungs and kidneys)
water balance (exercise, dehydration)
thermoregulation (exercise - hyperthermia/hypothermia)

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11
Q

how can cvs function as a transporter

A

due to diffusion

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12
Q

what is diffusion

A

movement of molecules from area of high concentration to area with lower concentration

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13
Q

give ex of diffusion example

A

cardiomyocyte
green fluorescence = oxygen
need to feed them, blood vessel irrigating
on avg one capillary per cardiac myocyte
one cell = component, many in heart
many vessels, less distance so makes sure they are fed

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14
Q

name 5 factors that regulate diffusion

A

distance
temp
characteristics of solvent
characteristics of molecule
characteristics of barrier

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15
Q

describe distance - regulates diffusion

A

greater distance
slower diffusion rate

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16
Q

describe temp - regulates diffusion

A

generally high temp = better diffusion

17
Q

describe characteristic of the solvent - regulates diffusion

A

higher density (amount of molecules) = lower diffusion rate

18
Q

describe characteristics of the molecule - regulate diffusion

A

higher mass = lower diffusion
albumin = big molecule, do not want to see in kidney, if pass through = bad

19
Q

describe characteristics of the barrier - regulate diffusion

A

cell membrane - affinity, surface, area size and thickness

20
Q

describe ficks law

A

flux of gas = membrane diffusing capacity x pressure gradient across membrane

area/thickness x solubility/sqrtMW x (P1-P2)

P1-P2 = concentration difference

21
Q

what happens to diffusion when area of membrane increased

A

increase area = increase diffusion

22
Q

what happens to diffusion when thickness of membrane increased

A

increase thickness = decrease diffusion

23
Q

what happens to diffusion when solubility of gas increased

A

increase solubility = increase diffusion

24
Q

what happens to diffusion when molecular weight of gas decreased

A

decrease mw = increase diffusion

25
what happens to diffusion when pressure gradient increased
increase pressure gradient = increase diffusion
26
describe o2 diffusing into blood
diffuse into blood blood poor in o2 so blood diffuses from area to blood thin line = membrane = o2 can pass through and binds to rbcs hb binds o2 and allows rbcs to hold on to it can make gas exchanges
27
describe fibrosis
mass production of ecm like collagen - layer overproduced = air is thicker and sold membrane thicker = decrease o2 exchange