Cardiovascular: Human Plumbing - Arteries & Veins Flashcards
3 layers of an artery?
Differences between the artery layers depending on vessel size?
Branches vs tributaries?
Arteries have branches
Veins have tributaries
Describe the starling forces accross a capillary bed?
On arterial side osmotic pressure > oncotic pressure therefore fluid move out
On venous side osmotic pressure < oncotic pressure therefor fluid moves in
Describe what the following arterial pathologies mean?
- aneurysm
- stenosis
- occluded
- dissection
- vasospasm
- vasculitis
- broken
Definition of an aneurysm?
1.5x normal diameter
Most common form of aneurysm?
Other forms of aneurysm?
Degenerative aneurysms are the most common
- Inflammatory, mycotic (infective), traumatic can also occur
What does this CT angiogram show?
Aortic aneurysm
Describe the open surgery approach to aneurysm repair?
A large incision is made and a graft is placed to replace the area where the aneurysm was
Describe the endovascular approach to aneurysm repair?
A small incision is made and a catheter inserted into the artery. From here a graft is placed within the vessel rather than replacing it
Two options for repair of an aneurysm?
- Open surgery
- Endovascular repair
Most common cause of stenosis?
Atherosclerosis
What is atherosclerosis?
Thickening or hardening of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque in the inner lining of an artery
Stenosis symptoms
Claudication:
- Pain on walking a fixed distance
- Worse uphill
- Eases rapidly when you stop
- Can think of as ANGINA of the leg
- As it gets can present as nocturnal pain / rest pain
Treatment of stenosis
- Stop smoking
- Movement
- Asperin to prevent thrombosis
- Statins to prevent plaque build up
What are the six Ps of acute occlussion?
- Pain (sudden onset)
- Palor
- Perishingly cold
- Parasthesia
- Pulselessness
- Paralysis
7 Symptoms of chronic occlusion?
- Short distance claudication
- Nocturnal pain
- Pain at rest
- Numbness
- Tissue necrosis
- Gangrene
- Things falling off