Anatomy Posistions, Memonics and Tricks Flashcards
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Trick to remember the positions of where the major vessels pass through the oesophagus
I ate 10 eggs at 12
Inferior vena cava: T8
Oesophagus: T10
Aorta: T12
Memonic for carpal bones
Which side do you start at and which side do you finish at?
Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
Start on the radial side, work your way across to pisiform, then back to radial for trapezium and finish on the ulna side with hamate
Radius and ulna, which way round?
Radius - lateral
Ulna - medial
Radius or ulna, which crosses over which on rotation of the hand?
Trick to remember?
Radius crosses over ulna
Remember “radius of a circle” “circles rotate”
Describe where the facial nerves originates, what does it do and what are the five branches?
It originates directly from the pons and passes out of the temporal bone just below the ear.
It controls the muscles of facial expression
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical
Which nerve controls muscles of mastication?
The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
Which cranial nerve number is the facial?
VII
Which cranial nerve number is the trigemial?
V
Structures around the larynx
Describe the positioning of the cricothyroid cartialage, thyroid cartialage, thyroid membrane, hyoid bone, thyroid membrane
Thyroid membrane - between the thyroid cartialage and the hyoid bone
Cricothyroid membrane - between the thyroid cartialage and the cricothyroid cartialage
How to find the vagus nerve in the neck
It is between the carotid artery and internal jugular vein
Role of the platysma
Platysma
- Depress mandible and angle of mouth
Role of the trapezius at the head and neck
Trapezius
- Extend the head and neck
- Movement of scapulae
Role of the Sternocleidomastoid
Sternocleidomastoid
- Cervical rotation
- Cervical flexion
Where does the vertebral artery branch from?
Left subclavian artery
External carotid artery
What does it supply?
What are it’s branches, in what order do they branch and what do they supply?
It supplies blood to the face, scalp and neck
- Superior thyroid artery (supplies the neck)
- Facial artery (supplies the face)
- Maxillary artery (supplies deep face)
- Superficial temporal artery (supplies the scalp)
What sits in front oesophagus or trachia?
Trachia
What are the meatus?
The channels betweent he chonchae
What are the two types of muscles that comprise the pharyngeal wall?
What do they do?
- Circular muscles (constrictors) (constrict the pharynx for the swallowing of food)
- Longitudinal muscles (shortening and widening the pharynx during swallowing, and elevation of the larynx during swallowing)
What movement occurs between the atlas and the occipital condyles?
Flexion / Extension – nodding your head (this is called the ‘yes joint’)
What movement occurs between the atlas and the axis?
Rotation – shaking your head (this is called the ‘no joint’)
At what vertebral level does the spinal cord end?
L1/L2
At what level is a lumbar puncture performed? Why?
Between L2 and L5 – this avoids hitting the spinal cord as it terminates before L2
What is the name of the opening in the skull from which the spinal cord emerges?
Foramen magnum
Labelling of the spinal nerves.
C1 is above C1
This goes all the way to C8 below C7.
Then they start below the corresponding vertebra e.g. T1 is below T1.
What is the pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater, filum terminale, cauda equina and conus medullaris?
Pia mater - inner casing of spinal chord and brain, directly surrounds the grey and white matter
Dura mater - outer casing of spinal cord and brain
Arachnoid mater - middle casing
Conus medullaris - the end of the spinal cord
Cauda equina - bundle of sacra nerves coming off the conus medullaris
Filum terminale - a fibrous strand anchoring the spinal cord to the coccyx
Layers of the meninges?
From inside to out:
Pia mater
Arachnoid mater
Dura mater
Memonic for tarsals
Tiger Club Needs MILC
The three cuneforms are in uniform
Talus
Calcaneous
Navicular
Medial cuneform
Intermediate cuneform
Lateral cuneform
Cuboid
How to tell whether a patella is right or left?
The larger facet is on the
lateral side, which the smaller one is on the medial side
Extracapsular ligaments of the hip, how to work out which is which?
They are named based on which part of the pelvis they attach to
Ilialfemoral ligament (superior and inferior bands)
Ishialfemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Semi-membranosus and semi-tendenosus
Which is above and below the other
T90 is superior to Memb
Purpose of the popliteus muscle?
Unlocking the
knee requires muscular input. This is provided by the popliteus muscle, which is located posterior
to the knee joint, passing its tendon laterally to insert on the lateral epicondyle of the femur.
What is the action of the trapezius at the shoulder?
Trapezius
Elevation, depression and rotation of scapula
What is the action of the pectoralis major at the shoulder?
Pectoralis Major
Flexion and adduction of shoulder
What is the action of the biceps brachii at the shoulder?
Biceps brachii
Flexion of shoulder
What is the action of the triceps brachii at the shoulder?
Triceps brachii
Extension of shoulder
What is the action of the deltoid at the shoulder?
Deltoid
Flexion, extension, and abduction of shoulder
Rotator cuff muscles: origin, insertion and function
Supraspinatus
origin: Supraspinous fossa
insertion: greater tuberosity
function: Abduction
Infraspinatus
Origin: Infraspinous fossa
Insetion: greater tuberosity
Function: Lateral rotation
Teres minor
Origin: Lateral border of scapula
Insertion: greater tuberosity
Funtion: Lateral rotation
Subscapularis
Origin: Subscapular fossa
Insetion: Lesser tuberosity
Function: Medial rotation
Three ligaments around the elbow joint?
Medial/ulnar collateral ligament Lateral/radial collateral ligament Annular ligament
Function fo the annular ligament?
To hold the radial and ulner together
Structures that help support the shoulder joint?
Glenohumeral ligaments
Coracohumeral ligaments
Transverse humeral ligaments
Coracoacromial ligament
Glenoid labrum
Joint capsule
Supinators?
Supinators: Biceps brachii
Supinator
Pronators?
Pronators: Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
How many tendons pass through the carpal tunnel?
9
* 4 from flexor digitorum superficialis
- 4 from flexor digitorum profundus
- 1 from flexor pollicis longus
Nerve that passes through the carpal tunnel?
Median nerve
5 compartments of the hand and where they are?
Central Compartment (containing Long Flexor Tendons, Lumbrical muscles, Median Nerve
Hypothenar Compartment
Thenar Compartment
Adductor Compartment
Interosseous compartment
When does the subclavian artery become the auxillary?
After the lateral border of the first rib
At what point does the auxillary artery become the brachial artery?
At the inferior border of teres major
Branches of the popliteal artery, describe where they go?
Anterior tibial (becomes dorsalis pedis)
Posterior tibial
Fibular (branches off the posterior tibial)